Fireplace for home heating - varieties, design, requirements, advantages. Fireplace with air heating: principle of operation, features Fireplace for heating several rooms

Any owner of a private house dreams of a large fireplace, which in itself creates an atmosphere of warmth and comfort. Near an open fire, on dark, winter evenings, the whole family will gather, exchanging the events of the day. However, modern fireplaces are not just a decorative part of the interior. A well-executed retrofit turns a hot water fireplace into a full-fledged source of heat for the entire home, along with well-recognized factory-made heating equipment.

As practice shows, fireplaces for air heating at home and equipped with a water circuit also help to significantly save on energy consumption. After all, solid fuel is somewhat cheaper compared to the price of electricity and gas.

What is a fireplace with a water heating circuit?

A fireplace is a type of heating equipment where heat is generated by burning primary fuel. It can be firewood, coal, pellets. There are gas fireplaces for heating.

Fireplace equipment can be:

• with open and closed fireboxes;
• water and air heating circuits;
• natural and forced air supply;
• built-in and free-standing.

The main distinguishing feature of the heating device is an open combustion chamber.

The heat generation area and the fuel oxidation zone (technological process zone) are combined here, which reduces the percentage of environmental heating as a result of natural air convection. The temperature in the room is mostly raised by radiant energy (IR waves).

The main disadvantage of the above scheme of heat exchange between the fireplace and the environment is significant heat loss from the combustion products of the energy carrier leaving the combustion chamber through a brick chimney. The built-in water circuit, which is integrated into the wiring of the house heating system, made it possible to increase the efficiency of heating equipment. That is, a fireplace with a water heating circuit heats the room both due to the formation of IR waves, and according to the principle of a conventional boiler, heating the coolant in radiators.

Equipment device

The basis of the fireplace is a steel casing (16). A combustion chamber (1) is mounted in it. Cast iron door (2) prevents heat from escaping from the combustion chamber. To do this, it is equipped with tempered glass (3) and a deadbolt (4). The casing of the combustion chamber (5) is connected to the frame using cast iron axles. The bottom of the furnace is made of thick cast iron (6). Grids (10) are laid on top of it.

Fireplace set.

Today, a fireplace heating element can be bought on the market for similar equipment. However, some people want to make a fireplace with water heating with their own hands. To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with its device in more detail.

They also have an impressive thickness, since a direct oxidation reaction of the energy carrier takes place here. Gas fireplaces for heating do not have a grate, since ash is not formed here, which should accumulate in the ash pan. The combustion chamber has a cast-iron fence (11). It also performs a decorative function, and acts as an additional protection against falling out of burning fuel. An ash pan (7) at the bottom of the device is required to collect solid combustion products. It must be retractable.

Fireplace accessories with a water heating circuit.

The intensity of combustion of the energy carrier is regulated by the supply of primary air. The regulating function is performed by a window (8) in the ash pan and a manual throttle (9). The secondary air necessary for the afterburning of the gaseous combustion products of firewood and solid particles that rise along with the gas flows enters through a hole in the tempered glass of the door.

A do-it-yourself fireplace with a water heating circuit is equipped with smoke pipes through which smoke passes into the chimney (12). A mandatory attribute of the chimney is a regulating damper (13). The angle of its inclination is determined by a special mechanism (14). The supply of cold coolant from the heating circuit occurs through the lower branch pipes (18). The heated coolant leaves the fireplace through the upper connections (19). Branch pipes 20-22 are intended for installation of a coil, thermostat.

How are fireplaces with air ducts arranged?

A fireplace with air heating is simpler than similar equipment, but with a water circuit. That is why it is much easier to make the first option in artisanal conditions than to make a fireplace with water heating with your own hands. This explains the popularity of the air circuit in private homes. Such wiring is an excellent alternative way to heat a room when the main (gas or electric boiler) for some reason ceased to function.

Air heating method.

Fireplaces for air heating at home are similar in structure to counterparts that have a water circuit. Of interest is the process of removing combustion products from the system.

CameraI. It is located under a metal convector. It is equipped with a fan that delivers hot air. The latter comes from the furnace zone. Chamber I is equipped with a series of pipes. They are mounted to the side walls of the fireplace chimney. These tubes end with valves. Such a device is necessary if the electricity is turned off and the supply ventilation stops working.

CameraII. Through it, cold air is taken through the side grilles-fans of the outer shell of the fireplace. Cold air is warmed by the metal case of the heating element and pipes through which the products of combustion of fuel are removed. The flue can be heated up to 700°C. It is in it that the final combustion of the gas formed as a result of the combustion of the fuel and solid particles takes place.

To significantly increase the heat exchange between the chimney and the cold air entering chamber II, the surface of the former is increased by means of ribbed hoops. Also, the chimney is equipped with a damper. With its help, it is possible to mechanically regulate the draft in the fireplace, and, consequently, the intensity of combustion. From chamber II, warm air is either distributed evenly in the space around the fireplace through special openings, or enters the air ducts that radiate from the heating element throughout the house.

Any home-made device is inferior to factory equipment in terms of efficiency and efficiency. That is why it is necessary to trust the manufacture of fireplaces to specialists who have the appropriate education and experience in this field.

CameraIII. decompression chamber. It is necessary to ensure that heating with a fireplace with an air duct is safe. It plays the role of an insulating space between the ceiling of the house and the hot chimney.

Fireplace piping with air heating.

How does a fireplace work?

The principle of operation of a fireplace with air ducts is based on the correct supply of fresh air from the outside and the timely removal of combustion products.

The air supply to the fireplace can be done in two ways:

• directly from the dwelling;
• using an air duct from outside the house.

The first method is easy to install. To do this, it is necessary to correctly calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room where the fireplace is mounted, according to the power of its combustion chamber. So, for the combustion of 1 kg of wood, 8 cubic meters of air are needed. Based on this, it is easy to calculate that a heating element with an average power should be installed in a room with a cubic capacity of at least 30 cubic meters. Otherwise, the house creates unfavorable conditions for human life and even an emergency.

The advantage of the second method is that there is no relationship between the power of the equipment and the cubic capacity of the room where it is installed. In this case, the combustion air is taken from the street. To do this, round or rectangular air ducts made of galvanized steel or PVC material are laid under the floor in the house to the fireplace. At the end of the pipe facing the street, there should be a grate. It protects the duct from rodents and insects. Also important, in this case, filters. They are designed to clean the supplied air from dust. They are mounted in the valve directly in front of the fireplace.

Which is better: a fireplace with a water circuit or with air ducts?

This question cannot be answered unambiguously. The advantages and disadvantages of both systems come from the characteristics of the heated room, the desired temperature regime in the rooms.

Heating fireplaces with a water circuit have the following advantages:

• efficiency;
• low cost;
• the fireplace circuit is easily integrated into an existing home heating system;
• the possibility of preparing hot water;
• low cost of equipment;
• low energy cost.

A heating fireplace with a water circuit has disadvantages:

• low efficiency;
• the need for constant loading of the energy carrier;
• manual mechanism for adjusting the intensity of work.

If we compare fireplaces with open and closed combustion chambers, then the efficiency of the first is 20%, and the second - 70%.

Do-it-yourself air-heated fireplace is the easiest to make, because the equipment does not differ in a complex device. The layout of the air channels itself is also easy to organize. The desired temperature is reached within a few minutes.

Disadvantages of a fireplace heating system with air ducts:

• constant circulation of dust in the house due to the operation of fans (in the case of forced air circulation);
• increased noise level due to the movement of air through the ducts;
• the temperature in the room drops as quickly as it rose after the fireplace went out;
• low efficiency;
• the need for manual control of the combustion reaction;
• the need for constant loading of the energy carrier into the furnace.

Heating a house with a fireplace with a water circuit and air ducts can be an excellent alternative source of heat, but by no means the main one. Such heating elements operate on an inexpensive energy carrier. But fireplaces can be afforded by those people who are not too lazy to constantly throw firewood into the firebox, control the intensity of their burning and periodically clean the chimneys.

Typical schemes for connecting a fireplace to a heating system

Gravitational convection.

In order to maximize the efficiency of the fireplace and efficiently distribute the heat generated in its combustion chamber throughout the house, it is necessary to integrate the fireplace into the heating circuit of the house (in the case of a fireplace in a water jacket). Fireplaces with air ducts need a special scan of the heating elements.

The scheme of air heating with a fireplace depends on the area of ​​​​the service area. So, gravity wiring is suitable if the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room that needs heating is very small. The length of the air ducts must not exceed 3 m in length. In this case, the air heated by the fireplace will rise through the channels, displacing cold air at the ends of the pipes.

Forced convection.

This circuit is completely non-volatile, easy to design, install and use. Requirements for its installation: the length of the air ducts should not exceed 5 m, the pipe itself should be flat with a minimum number of turns. The construction material of the pipes must be refractory aluminum capable of withstanding temperatures of 250°C. Thermal insulation of the duct casing is mandatory.

The circuit with forced air movement, although it is more expensive in execution, compared to the gravitational counterpart, it allows you to heat a large area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. At the same time, the complex layout of the house will not affect the efficiency of the system. In addition to air ducts, this circuit is equipped with supply ventilation elements (as the main driving mechanism for warm air), connecting nodes and corners, and all kinds of control elements for directed air flows.

Is it effective to use fireplaces in the house?

Any fireplace is, first of all, a decorative element of the interior, which, thanks to modern developments, is able to effectively participate in space heating. So, heating a house with a fireplace with an air duct is distinguished by a simple structure and an equally simple principle of operation, and therefore is inexpensive. However, the low efficiency of the circuit sometimes casts doubt on the feasibility of building such a structure.

The principle of operation of a fireplace with a water circuit, as well as the structure of the heating element itself, is more complicated than the previous version, which explains the high cost of both equipment and installation work. However, the efficiency of 70% of fireplaces with a water circuit makes this equipment an excellent alternative source of heat in the house when the main heating element (boiler) is turned off. How to properly install a fireplace with a water circuit will help you understand the video:

P.S. And remember, just by changing your consumption, we are changing the world together! © econet

A fireplace is strongly associated with an open hearth lined with stone or brick. Modern fireplaces have deviated far from this standard. A closed firebox equipped with panoramic glass appeared, and the heat efficiency increased. But, more importantly, the fireplace began to be used as the main and additional source of heating for the building.

A fireplace with air heating is both an element of decor and an effective source of heating. To ensure maximum thermal efficiency, heated air is distributed throughout the house by connecting air ducts.

How a fireplace with air ducts works

• Combustion takes place in a closed furnace. The fire does not come into direct contact with the air in the room. The oxygen necessary for combustion is supplied through special convection channels.
• The heating of the room is carried out using natural or forced convection of air flows.
• Warm air enters the rooms of the building through a duct system. To increase the thermal efficiency, forced air distribution is used.

The advantage of the design is that combustion can be observed through a wide panoramic glass. At the same time, the probability of coal falling out of the furnace (which can lead to a fire) and smoke entering the room is practically eliminated.

The air heating system from a closed type fireplace is able to effectively heat all rooms in the house. There are several solutions for convection heating. When choosing a system, take into account the type of installation of the furnace, the principle of heating and air supply to the premises.

Type of installation - floor and built-in

Closed-type fireplaces, regardless of the method of installation, are used as an additional source of heating. After minor modifications, they are able to independently heat the entire house.

How is the air heated

According to the principle of operation, heating with a fireplace with an air duct is divided into two types:

• Systems with natural air circulation- air flows circulate without the use of fans and pressure turbines. Gravitational air heating of a one or two-story country house, cottage, dacha, is effective only in the case of a simple wiring diagram.
  For a large number of heated rooms, systems with natural circulation are ineffective.
• Forced convection systems– air supply for the fireplace is provided by fans installed inside the convection ducts. The system effectively heats the building and has only one drawback - dependence on electricity.

Organization of heated air distribution

When carrying out installation work, take into account:

• The minimum diameter of the corrugation of the air ducts cannot be less than the outlet nozzles of the structure.
• Installation begins with the installation of an air distributor, which ensures a uniform intensity of air flows.
• The laying of the air duct is calculated in such a way as to reduce the number of horizontal pipe sections. It's best not to have them at all. Horizontal sections reduce the intensity of air flow and, accordingly, lead to a decrease in heat transfer.
• The distribution of warm air from the fireplace to adjacent rooms of the house is carried out using fans. If necessary, several fans can be installed in sequential order. In this case, the movement of air in the duct continues, despite the presence of: horizontal sections, several floors in the building and heating of individual rooms.
• Air duct grilles, called animostats, are installed in heated rooms as close as possible to the floor base. This ensures uniform heating of the room.

In addition to the effective removal of heated air, they provide a stable supply of oxygen necessary for burning the flame in the furnace. Forced ventilation in a room with an installed fireplace should provide three air exchanges within 1 hour. The exact calculation of the air flow is indicated in the instruction manual provided by the manufacturer.

Creation of an air heating system based on a fireplace, a complex thermal solution. Before starting work, it is better to consult with a specialist.

The choice of power and brand of fireplace

According to the volume of the room, it is quite simple to calculate the performance of the fireplace. To do this, the length, width and height of the rooms are multiplied among themselves. The result is the volume of the room. A fireplace is selected that can heat an amount of m³ that is close in value.

After calculating the required power of the fireplace, they proceed to the choice of the firebox they like according to the manufacturer. Judging by the reviews and constant demand, several models are especially popular:

• Thermofor Yauza.
• La Nordica ExtraFlame TOSCA PLUS.
• Palazzetti Ecomonoblocco.
• La Nordica Monoblocco.
• piazzetta.

Safety standards for laying air ducts

Convection hot air distribution, made according to the rules and without violations, effectively heats the room and is as safe as possible in operation.

Which fireplace is better - air or water

• Room heating rate- air heating outperforms water heating. Warm air begins to flow into the room immediately after the fireplace is kindled.
• Duration of heat transfer- immediately after the firewood burns out, heat stops flowing from the air fireplace. The heated water in the heating system and radiators continue to heat the room for some time.
• Price - The cost of an air heating system is much less than the production of a traditional water heating system. You can separate the air ducts, if desired, yourself.

Here's what's not clear. NO NEED for this when? When did the trial operation take place? By the way, when did it take place?
If even in March - then what does this say? Yes, nothing. Because in December it will not be so, and it will not be so easy, but squared not so. Quite that is not so.

I answer in order: the fireplace started working on December 16th. So all the frosty days of this winter are mine, and in the version without an additional heat exchanger. in the "basic" version of the fireplace

And if there is no NEED for this in January, then it turns out that 3-4 kW (quote) maintain the temperature in a house with an area of ​​240 sq.m (quote), that is, it turns out that in frosty heat loss at home is 1 kW per 80 square meters. What a cool house was drawn, I can’t even believe it
Oh, I forgot to write, these heat losses in the house "without doors", which have not yet been installed in January ... Wow!

The house is really warm, significantly exceeding our standards for thermal efficiency, and approaching the German ones. For example, in the floor - 20 cm of mineral wool, in the walls of a double frame and 20 cm of ecowool, in the ceiling - 30 cm of ecowool. Although energy-passive is still far away.

Well, if the house is so cool, then what is there in the photo?

Excuse me, but is this the way it is? That is, it will remain in such a cosmic form?

As you probably know, fireplace inserts have facings...

And put the boiler in a corner, buy a coal machine - a year old for 2-3, exactly until the case when the gas is brought in, there is a pipe wiring with radiators under the windows, the gas is brought in - just change the boiler - and voila ...
Or are the radiators under the windows too uncultured? Or can water pipes leak (air ducts are safer)? Or outrageously expensive?
Riddles right.

To put radiators under the windows, you need to bring hot water to them, and heat it up with a kettle. The event turns out to be quite expensive, taking into account the fact that gas will be brought to the house in 2-3 years. And before that, you need to bury a container for diesel fuel or a gas tank near the house, arrange fuel supply to the boiler, buy a boiler, install water heating. This event easily pulls on 15-20K Euros in a budget (and not very comfortable in operation) version. In the kit we get volatility in the event of a power outage, as it was this winter. So, we still reserve the power supply of the heating system?

I'm new to this forum and I'm not interested in this fight.
And I don't sell fireplaces. Although, after the experience of this winter, this "fireplace-heating" plot is very interesting to me. I’ll make such “fireplaces” with wiring in a couple of houses, and then we’ll see.

Although there are problems, of course.

First, it's wood. We do not sell dry firewood (I have a moisture meter). They can be obtained by buying raw and drying them for a couple of years. All winter I drowned with fuel briquettes (which have a hole in the middle - I don’t remember what they are called)

Secondly, with my layout of the air ducts and their VERY SERIOUS thermal insulation, the ceiling in the places where the air ducts pass under it is noticeably warmer than the surrounding one, so the putty is cracking. Fortunately, I had my own painter and at hand, I had to buy good German fiberglass and glue for it, and carefully glue the places of actual and potential cracks (after tearing off the old one)

I had to repeatedly and well heat the fireplace to make sure that everything is in order - nothing bursts and does not get very hot.

And your words about the cauldron - this, as I understand it, to the plot "how to breed the owner for maximum money"? Moreover, in addition to gas, it is also necessary to bring water to the house - the developers of the village promise water only in the summer.

The use of fireplaces is popular among private property owners. In addition to maintaining heat in the home, such structures provide comfort and convenience, adding independence from weather conditions and the actions of public utilities. In order for the fireplace in the house to function without interruption and to heat the room normally, it is necessary to strictly follow the installation technology during its installation.

Heating scheme

Home heating can be carried out using units of different categories. Fireplaces of intermittent burning with a single laying of firewood provide the room with heat for up to a quarter of a day.

Long burning devices with an equal amount of fuel increase this period to 8 hours. Even at minimum power, the volumes of heat produced will vary from 3 to 6 kW. High heating levels are achieved with a wide open air intake. At the same time, depending on the design, from 2 to 4 kilograms of firewood will burn per hour.

The power with which heating fireplaces will work can be calculated based on the size of the heated room. In a room with a ceiling height of 2.8 meters, 1 kW of heat is enough for heating 10 m2 of area. Accordingly, with a power of 10 kW, such a furnace can serve 100 m2 of area.

To transfer heat from the fireplace to other rooms, heating systems based on the circulation of water or air are used.

Air

When energy is transferred from one medium to another, the amount of heat transferred decreases significantly. A properly designed air-fired fireplace can solve this problem by reducing the number of thermal transitions. Its device involves burning fuel in a separate chamber, heating the metal part of the furnace and the air inside the room. In this case, energy transmission is carried out using flexible heat-insulated channels connected to other parts of the residential building.

Air flows can move naturally or be adjusted in the right direction by a forced injection system. With a vertical orientation, normal air flow is enough for high-quality heating. If the location of fireplaces with air heating is far from the premises to which heat must be delivered, it is recommended to install special fans.

Water

If there is an ordinary wood-burning unit in the house, you can connect the heating system to it and achieve a good result in terms of thermal efficiency. A water circuit is installed inside the fireplace of this design, connected to the general heating communications of the dwelling. The burning of firewood in its firebox increases the temperature of the coolant in the pipes and due to this it provides high-quality heating of the entire building. The two main connection schemes imply the operation of open and closed systems, respectively.

To install a fireplace in the house and connect open heating to it, you will need to hang an expansion tank above it, which works on the principle of communicating vessels. With a closed method of connecting the furnace, a common tank is used in the design, and a separate expansion tank is not built in.

Design features of fireplaces

Different types of fireplaces installed in private homes have different efficiencies. For this reason, before installing them, it is necessary to determine the desired ignition frequency, the size of the area that will be heated, the regularity of turning on the stove and finding a place to store firewood.

Depending on the functions and structure, fireplaces are divided into open, cumulative, convection and water heating.

open

The main function of such a unit is to decorate the room. Compared with other devices, the use of such a heater will be accompanied by a lack of control over the combustion mode.

Hot gases, which carry the bulk of the heat, will escape into the chimney too quickly, and the efficiency of the fireplace with air heating will decrease significantly.

Cumulative

Cumulative type fireplaces combine an open fire and a duration of heating. A similar effect is provided by short furnace channels and bell-shaped cumulative mass. It consists of special ceramic circles that absorb the heat of furnace gases passing through them.

The heat capacity of a wood-burning fireplace is increased by the use of bricks and ceramic panels, which constantly accumulate the energy produced in the firebox and release it for many hours. Due to the participation of large volumes of oxygen in the combustion process, the fuel burns very quickly and gives an even flame, and the glass of the fireplace door remains clean and does not become covered with soot.

Convection

Convection heaters lead the market due to the large volumes of warm air produced. Getting through the hole in the bottom of the unit, oxygen enters the combustion chamber and blows over the fuel cartridges. The heated air exits through the lattice openings in the upper part of the device.

These types of fireplaces have hot air transmission systems, passing through the ventilation ducts a large amount of heat produced and bringing it to all areas of the residential building. An additional advantage is the high burning rate.

Water heating

For a private house, not only a fireplace with air heating is suitable, but also a device with a water heating function. Its peculiarity lies in the transfer of part of the energy produced during the combustion of firewood to the coolant.

The captured heat supports the central heating system and is partly used to heat domestic hot water. Transportation is carried out through plate heat exchangers or layered buffer tanks.

Installation

The construction of a fireplace can be done by hand, but for this you will need to correctly draw up project documentation and accurately calculate the amount of building material. It is also necessary to determine the type of heater to be equipped and its intended dimensions.

Standard fireplaces are attached to brick walls, installed in their depth or mounted separately. It is undesirable to place the firebox of a wood-burning unit against a wall with windows. If their thermal insulation is not at a sufficient level, this will lead to drafts and energy losses.

When arranging a wooden building, you will also need to take into account fire safety standards.

Training

Before starting laying, it is necessary to calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room in which the installation will take place. The volume of the furnace hole should not exceed a fiftieth of the size of the room. The depth of the fuel chamber and the height of the fireplace portal are related to each other as 1 to 2. Excessive capacity of the furnace will lead to a decrease in heat transfer, and small dimensions will provoke smoke.

The dimensions of the smoke channel depend on the size of the furnace and should be 10-15 times smaller than it. The optimal pipe diameter is 10 centimeters with a length of 4-5 meters.

Material

Making do-it-yourself fireplaces with air heating for efficient space heating involves the choice of quality materials. For installation you will need:

• whole oven bricks;
• pre-washed coarse sand;
• clay for finishing the hearth;
• Portland cement for pouring the foundation;
• crushed stone of medium size;
• two dozen reinforcing bars with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 70 cm;
• appropriately sized smoke damper.

All types of fireplaces that can be folded at home imply a preliminary pouring of the foundation, which is built separately from the base of the building. Its width is equal to the front basement row with the addition of five centimeters of margin.

Before pouring, you will need to dig a hole with dimensions 10-15 centimeters wider than the foundation of the house and 60 cm deep. After filling the rubble on the bottom and compacting it, the horizontalness of the base is measured.

Having made a formwork box without a bottom, it must be sheathed from the inside with roofing material, firmly placed on the base and poured with cement-sand mortar. Having leveled the top of the foundation, it is covered with a film and left to dry completely.

The next point in the device of a wood-burning stove is the laying of individual bricks with an edge on the mortar. The geometric dimensions of the future fireplace are controlled using a square. All diagonals should keep equality, corners should be clearly vertical, and rows should lie in a horizontal plane.

Laying continuous layers is carried out using a trowel or any suitable construction tool. Wooden slats, limiting the size of the future fireplace, are removed after the construction of several rows of tightly laid bricks. In the third layer, a pair of pins is also laid, on which the fireplace grate will later be put on. The thickness of the side ledges of the portal is half a brick, and they are placed immediately clean.

Interior arrangement

Since the device of the fireplace eliminates the need for internal plastering, the walls of the wood-burning chamber and the smoke box are wiped from the inside and thoroughly cleaned of the solution that has come out. Smoke collectors and vaults with curved surfaces are laid out with a gradual overlap of bricks up to six centimeters. Portal openings are covered with brick lintels, which are installed in a separate order.

In the process of laying a chimney with your own hands, it is necessary to control its verticality by switching to a cement-sand mixture as soon as the installation moves to the roof. To ensure better heat reflection, the fireplace walls are placed at an angle from the inside. At the same time, the side parts turn outward, and the back part leans forward a little. The smoke chamber is arranged above the firebox with the placement of an additional cornice. Its device does not allow sparks and soot to fly out and reliably protects the room from smoke penetration.

Modern fireplaces for home heating are quite powerful devices through which you can heat your home. Of course, such a heating system will not be as efficient as a system organized by means of a gas boiler. Typically, a fireplace should serve as an additional source of heat. Such a device, however, can also be the main source. The best option is to use it in the country, if the owners do not visit there too often. By means of a fireplace for heating a house, you can quickly increase the temperature in a small country house. Also, by means of a fireplace, you can maintain comfortable temperature conditions for many hours.

Fireplace for home heating

System Features

Fireplace inserts can be divided into several categories. The first are fireboxes of intermittent combustion, if the design features of the fireplace allow you to maintain an operating mode for 6-8 hours with one laying of firewood. Other fireboxes are classified as long burning, if one bookmark of firewood is enough for more than 8 hours. In the continuous burning mode, the furnace operates at the smallest power, and produces from 3 to 6 kW of heat.

In the nominal mode, the furnaces can produce more heat, from 10 to 18 kW. This value of heat output can be achieved if the furnace damper is opened approximately in the middle position.

If the air blower is open to the maximum, then the heating mode will be at the maximum level. In such a case, firewood will burn at a rate such as 0.5 to 4 kg per hour. The parameters of furnaces and their operating modes can vary significantly. Manufacturers of such devices usually indicate the maximum power and efficiency in the documentation. When choosing devices such as fireplaces for heating, you need to look at what the maximum power will be in nominal mode, and what power will be in the minimum mode. These parameters determine how effective fireplace heating at home will be, and how economical.

You can calculate what should be the power of the fireplace insert. To do this, you need to follow some rules. The main rule to consider when choosing a device for heating says that 1 kW of power is enough to heat 10 square meters. meters of the room. However, such a room should be well insulated, and the ceiling height should be no more than 2.8 meters. If the fireplace insert has such a power as 10 kW, then such a device can heat about 100 square meters. meters of area.

To deliver the heat from the fireplace to other rooms, you can use heating systems such as water or air heating.

In the case of an air heating system, heat will be distributed to other rooms through hot air flows, and in the case of water heating, the rooms will receive heat from radiators. The main source of heat in the case when a fireplace stove is used to heat the house of a water heating system will be the coolant. With one fireplace, you can heat a house with an area of ​​​​no more than 170-250 square meters. meters.

Air heating system

An air-fired fireplace is more efficient if you take into account the heat it loses during its transfer from one environment to another. The number of such media is minimal: fire, the metal part of the furnace body and air. If compared with a water heating system, there the chain through which heat is transferred will be much longer. It will look like this: fire, the metal part of the heat exchanger, water, the metal area of ​​the radiator and the air in the room.

The main purpose of an air heating system is to distribute the heat that comes from equipment such as an air-fired stove over the entire area of ​​the house.

Such a task can be performed by a system of thermally insulated flexible channels. Through these channels, hot air from the fireplace will flow into various rooms of the house.

The air flow distribution system can work both due to natural convection and due to forced injection. Another option is a combination of two types of air injection. If the air system has a vertical orientation, then natural convection will be sufficient. If the rest of the rooms are far enough from the fireplace, then you need to use various devices for forced air injection.

Heating with a ducted fireplace can increase the comfort and efficiency of the fireplace.

When designing an air heating system, it is necessary to use the possibilities of natural convection at the maximum level. Heating a country house with a fireplace does not require blowers powered by the network, and it will not be necessary to drown out the noise of such types of blowers.

To ensure natural convection, air ducts with a large cross section will be required. This is necessary in order to keep the aerodynamic drag as low as possible. Such air ducts must be made of materials with maximum fire resistance. It is also necessary to provide fire-resistant insulation to those places that are near combustible structural components of the building. With such a heating system, a maximum of 4 rooms can be heated. The size of the length of the air ducts that go from the fireplace to the room should be no more than 2-3 meters. It is also desirable that there are no constrictions or bends on the duct.

Forced convection systems

In such systems, air is forced into the convection chamber and then blown into the premises of the house by means of one or more duct-type fans. Heat can be transported to a distance of no more than 10 meters. You can use air ducts with a small diameter, as well as flexible type ventilation ducts.

Such heating of a private house with a fireplace heats all rooms evenly, humidifies and filters warm air. The main disadvantage of such a system is the noise that comes from the fans. Also, such systems are dependent on an electrical power source.

Water heating system with fireplace

By means of such heating systems, it is possible to heat more distant rooms in the house. Such fireplaces for heating several rooms can work independently, and can be combined with boilers such as gas, electric or oil. Such systems are organized on the basis of thermofireplaces. A thermofireplace is such a device with a built-in heat exchanger and a closed type firebox.

Fireplace with water heating with forced circulation is dependent on the source of the network, since electricity is necessary for the operation of a device such as a circulation pump.

The pump is an important element in such a system, since thanks to this device it is possible to transport the coolant to any part of the house. Thanks to such a heating system, you can raise the temperature in the house to a comfortable value in the shortest possible time. If radiators are to be installed, then pipes of not too large diameter, from 10 to 15 mm, can be used.

You can also use heating devices, characterized by high hydraulic resistance. A fireplace stove with water heating can also be equipped with a plate-type heat exchanger, in which case the house will be provided not only with a heating system, but also with hot water supply. If it is planned to use fuel such as firewood to operate the fireplace, then you need to buy a fireplace insert, equipped with everything necessary to organize the supply of water to heating radiators.