Непрямая речь. Reported speech (Indirect speech). Упражнения на тему косвенная речь Тренировка косвенной речи в английском языке

Рецензенты:

канд. филол. наук, доцент ОмА МВД России В.Г. Болотюк, ст. препод. каф. английского языка О.В. Гоголь

К710 Косвенная речь в английском языке: сб. трениро-

вочных упражнений по практической грамматике: для студентов I курса факультета иностранных языков / сост.: Д.Ю. Малетина, О.А. Никитина, Р.Р. Фазмутдинова.

– Омск: Изд-во ОмГУ, 2005. – 60 с.

ISBN 5-7779-0589-7

Сборник грамматических тренировочных заданий составлен на основе аутентичных источников, включающих материал английских и американских учебников, подготовлен с учетом требований учебной программы по курсу «Практическая грамматика английского языка».

Цель издания – помочь изучающим английский язык ознакомиться с грамматическим явлением «Косвенная речь» и отработать его на практике.

Сборник предназначен для студентов I курса факультета иностранных языков и может быть использован в группах с разным уровнем подготовленности.

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Предлагаемое учебное издание представляет собой сборник грамматических тренировочных упражнений.

Сборник упражнений составлен в соответствии с учебной программой по курсу «Практическая грамматика английского языка» и прежде всего предназначен для студентов I курса факультета иностранных языков, однако также может быть рекомендован студентам других факультетов, изучающим английский язык как основную специальность.

Сборник состоит из двух разделов:

1. Теоретическая часть (базовые правила по теме «Косвенная речь»).

2. Практическая часть (упражнения, направленные на отработку, закрепление и употребление в речи грамматических структур по данной теме).

Большая часть теоретического раздела представлена в таблицах, что способствует лучшему усвоению и запоминанию материала.

Задания из второй части сборника включают в себя проверочные и тренировочные упражнения, выстроенные по принципу нарастания сложности:

– подстановочные упражнения,

– трансформационные упражнения,

– упражнения на исправление ошибок,

– упражнения на грамотное завершение предложений,

– упражнения на правильное соединение начала и конца предложений,

– упражнения на перевод с русского языка на английский, а также с английского на русский,

– пересказ диалогов из оригинальных текстов в косвенной

Разнообразие упражнений позволяет использовать пособие

в группах разного уровня подготовленности, а также осуществлять разные формы работы со студентами.

При работе с упражнениями по теме «Косвенная речь» возможна отработка и некоторых других грамматических явлений, тесно связанных с использованием прямой речи.

Данный сборник тренировочных упражнений можно использовать в качестве дополнительного пособия в сочетании с другими, основными учебниками по грамматике английского языка.

PART I. RULES OF REPORTING

1. REPORTING STATEMENTS

When the statement in direct speech is converted into reported speech the following rules must be observed:

♦ If the verb to say introducing the indirect statement is followed by an object, use the preposition to (to say to smb.), though the expression to tell smb . is more preferable in this case.

To say is usually used without an object to introduce the subordinate clause while to tell is followed by a direct object. Compare:

¾ She told me that she would be late.

¾ She said that she would be late.

The verb to tell can be a part of set expressions where a direct object can be omitted: to tell (somebody) a lie; to tell (somebody) a story; to tell fortunes (= to say what will happen to somebody in the future).

♦ No inverted commas are used in the reported statements.

♦ All personal and possessive pronouns are changed according to the person referring to the speaker.

♦ So and such are replaced by very, exceedingly etc. In exclamatory sentences:

♦ The rules of the sequence of tenses are observed in the reported statements:

♦ If the time or the place of the events described in the direct statement has changed, replace the demonstrative pronouns and the adverbs of time and place in the following way:

Note : In the sentences like: I said, “I"ll be here tomorrow.” (Я ска-

зал: «Я буду здесь завтра».) the adverbs here and tomorrow may stay unchanged if the statement is reported on the same day and at the same place: I said I would be here tomorrow. Notice that it is also correct to change the adverbs according to the rule mentioned above: I said I"d be there the following day.

♦ If the statement consists of a few clauses referring to the past, only the verb of the first clause is used in Past Perfect.

2. QUESTIONS IN REPORTED SPEECH

Word order in a reported question is the same as in a statement. ♦ A reported general question is introduced by the conjunc-

tion if or whether (before which there is no comma!):

♦ A reported special question is introduced by the same adverb or pronoun that introduces a direct question:

♦ If a direct question to the subject contains the link verb to be, the direct order of words is not always strictly observed:

In set expressions like “What"s the time?”, “What"s the matter?”, “What"s the news!” inverted word order doesn"t change in reported speech.

♦ Reported questions are generally introduced by the following verbs and word combinations: to question; to inquire (more official than to “ask”); to want to know; I wonder; I"d like to know; Can you tell me and etc.

Short answers in reported speech

Short answers are converted into reported speech by repeating of the auxiliary or modal verb that a direct short answer contains. An auxiliary verb changes according to the rules of the sequence of tenses.

Reporting elliptical sentences

If some parts of the sentence are missing, they should be restored according to the situation in the reported speech.

3. REPORTED ORDERS AND REQUESTS

An order or a request in reported speech is expressed by an infinitive; in a negative sentence the particle to precedes the infinitive.

Orders and requests are introduced into reported speech with the help of one of the following verbs: to tell, to order, to command, to ask, to request, to beg and others. The choice of the verb is determined by the character of the order (request).

♦ The verb most commonly used to introduce reported orders is the verb to tell: the verb to order is frequently used, occasionally also the verb to command. The verb to tell corresponds to the Russian сказать, чтобы and велеть; to order and to command correspond to

приказать.

♦ The verb to request is used in official style, chiefly in the Passive Voice. It is best rendered in Russian by предложить. The verb to request introduces rather a veiled order than a request.

♦ Unemotional requests are usually introduced by the verb to

♦ The verb to beg introduces a request somewhat more emo-

♦ Emotional (emphatic) requests are introduced by the verbs to implore, to entreat, to beseech (умолять).

♦ The verb to urge introduces a request made with great insis-

4. CONVERSATIONAL PATTERNS

IN REPORTED SPEECH

Greetings and Saying Good-by

To report greetings and saying good-by the following phrases are used:

The following phrases used in greetings and saying good-by (It "s good to see you; See you soon; Very good of you to come and etc.) may not be reported at all.

To report someone"s words used to introduce a person to another one the verb “to introduce” is used:

To report someone"s words used in response to someone"s invitation the following phrases are used: he readily accepted the invitation; said he "d come most willingly; said she would be happy to…; declined the invitation and etc.:

Mr. Jackson: Come and have lunch with us on Sunday.

Mr. Black: I"d love to. Thank you very much.

Mrs. Parker: Can you come to dinner tomorrow? Mr. Eden: I"m sorry I can"t. I"m leaving tonight.

Mr. Jackson invited Mr. Black to lunch on Sunday and Mr. Black readily accepted the invitation.

Mrs. Parker invited Mr. Eden to dinner but he declined the invita- tion, as he was leaving that night.

To report expressions of gratitude the following phrases are

¾ Не thanked them for... – Он поблагодарил их за...

¾ Не said he was much obliged to him for... – Он сказал, что был очень обязан ему за…

¾ Не expressed his gratitude to him for... – Он выразил свою благодарность ему за...

¾ Не said he was grateful to him for... – Он сказал, что был очень благодарен ему за..

Words used in response to expressions of gratitude may not be reported at all:

Apologies and Excuses

To report apologies and responses to them the following phrases are used: Не begged his pardon; He apologized to them for; She asked him to excuse her; He said it was all right:

Offers and advice are rendered in reported speech with the help of the following verbs: to suggest, to offer, to advise.

The verbs “to suggest” and “to offer” are a little different in meaning, which is reflected in the corresponding sentence structures. “То offer” is used when the speaker is willing to fulfill an action by himself: Не offered to see Mary home. Besides, “to offer” is used when they tell about something material: a cup of tea, a cigarette etc. “To suggest” is used when they tell about some idea, advice.

The verb “to offer” is always followed by the infinitive, while the verb “to suggest” is used only in the following patterns:

was against it objected to doing it said she didn"t mind said she would not

In response to offers in the reported speech the following

To decline an offer sounds more polite than to turn down and to reject an offer; said he had better not…and said he needn"t… are typical to the spoken language, which is less formal.

Expressions of Surprise, Joy, Rapture

and Other Emotions in Reported Speech

said with surprise (amazement)...

said in surprise...

He expressed his surprise (amazement) at the news.

was surprised (amazed) to hear...

was surprised (amazed) at hearing…

¾ Не was delighted at their coming.

their having done it.

¾ He was delighted

¾ He expressed his joy (delight) at

to hear the news.

to hear that they...

the news. their coming.

their having done it.

¾ He said joyfully (with joy) that…

expressed his admiration of...

Regret, Consolation, Sympathy

being unable to do it. ¾ He regretted having said it.

that he had said it.

¾ He sympathized with…

expressed his sympathy with…

Irritation, Indignation, Offence

was annoyed (irritated) with him, at his words. expressed his annoyance (irritation) with her because of her conduct.

was angry (indignant) with him, at the news. ¾ He said (cried) in anger (in indignation) that…

resented their criticism (interference). said resentfully that…

said in a resentful tone that…

Mr. Sievers: I"ve been waiting for Peter for an hour. How very annoying! I wonder if he will come at all.

The professor: How dare you talk like this to me!

1. Mr. Sievers expressed his annoyance (anger) with Peter for being late.

2. Mr. Sievers was annoyed (angry) with Peter for being late.

3. Mr. Sievers cried in anger (in an angry voice) that Peter had kept him waiting.

1. The professor was angry at the way the students spoke to him and said so.

2. The professor got angry with the students for the way they spoke to him.

3. The professor resented the way the students spoke to him.

¾ Не expressed his grief at the news.

¾ Не was filled with despair at...

¾ He cried in despair that...

5. MODAL VERBS IN REPORTED SPEECH

When the sentences with modal verbs are converted into reported speech, modal verbs undergo the following changes:

Must , as a rule, remains unchanged in reported speech if it expresses advice (order) or a supposition bordering on assurance (должно быть).

Must is generally replaced by had to if it expresses necessity arising out of circumstances.

When sentences containing the Subjunctive Mood are converted into reported speech, the form of the verb usually remains unchanged.

♦ However, there is a case when the rule of the sequence of tenses is observed: if we have the analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary may , may is changed into might if the verb in the principal clause stands in a past tense.

7. VERBS USED TO CONVERT STATEMENTS

INTO REPORTED SPEECH (Except “say”, “tell”, “ask” )

♦ To announce (объявлять, заявлять, и звещать) is used when something is spoken in public, especially for the first time:

He announced that the conference would be postponed.

♦ То declare (объ являть, заявлять, провозглашать) is more formal than to announce . The statement with this verb sounds more solemn:

The strikers declared they would not give in.

♦ То inform (сообщать, информировать) reports statements, especially news:

Не informed us that the time-table had been changed.

♦ То remark (отмечать, замечать, высказываться) is used to report remarks:

Не remarked that he did not like jazz music.

♦ То state (заявлять, сообщать, из лагать, формулировать)

Тест по английскому языку по теме: «Прямая и косвенная речь» для учащихся 8 класса к учебнику В.П.Кузовлев.

II вариант

The following sentences are direct speech. Complete each sentence below using reported speech.

1. She said, “How many hours a day do you watch TV?”
2. She said, “Don`t write a letter to Ann.”
3. He asked, “What magazines do you prefer to read?”
4. She said, “Tom is leaving tomorrow night.”
5. “Have you had your hair cut?”, my mother asked me.
6. The chief ordered, “Go to the theatre and book the tickets.”
7. She said, “Kent has visited many countries in western Europe.”
8. I said, “Don`t drink coffee at night, you will not sleep.”
9. He read, “The south of England is warmer than the North.”
10. “Are you going to pick up the phone?”, Miranda asked him.
11. He said, “Bring me some water, please.”
12. She was surprised, “Somebody stole my bag in the shop”
13. She asked, “Does this film about police and crime?”
14. “Please don`t tell anybody what happened”, Ann said to me.
15. He said, “I can` t move the piano alone.”
16. She said, “Dairy products are useful for little children.”
17. The teacher said, “What do you do to express yourself?”
18. She said, “Doctors don`t advise us to eat chips and chocolate.”
19. I asked my Dad, “Did you take part in the Great Patriotic War?”
20. The girl said, “All the guys try to look really cool driving up and down in their dad`s car.”
21. She said,” Limit saturated fats.”
22. She said, “Do you often take your blood pressure?”
23. She said, “Eat lots of fruits veggies and grain.”
24. He said, “Call a doctor if you have a strong pain in the heart.”
25. He said, “I am going to buy a new car.”

Предварительный просмотр:

Test

Variant 1

Present Perfect

Future Simple при переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную?

could при переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную?

may при переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную?

1. He says, “You are right.”

a) he says that I am right b) he says which I right

c) he says I was right d) he said I are right

2. She says to him, “I have a right to know.”

a) she tells him that she would have a right to know b) she tell him she have a right to know

c) she says him she has a right to know d) she tells him that she has a right to know

1. I thought, “He is going to give up his job”.

2. “Go to your room now and do your homework”, the mother said to her son.

3. The teacher asked Nina, “Do you live far from the school?”

4. “What have you bought me for Christmas?” the little boy asked his parents.

5. Helen: I cannot call you, I’ve lost your phone number.

7. “Don’t take my ruler, use yours,” Ann said to Harry.

8. Let’s go to a movie.

9. Nick told us, “I saw Jimmy at a party last week.”

10. ‘’Fasten the seat belts!’’ the stewardess said to passengers.

11. ‘’Have you finished reading my book?’’ my friend asked me.

12. ‘’Why are you looking pale? What’s the matter?’’ asked Mother.

13. Sister: I have been looking for you everywhere, Robbie.

14. David: It’s a bit cold today. I’m going to wear a pullover.

15. Mother said, ‘’Alice, don’t interrupt the grown-ups.’’

16. ‘’Let’s begin the meeting,’’ said the chairman.

17. ‘Eat more fruit and vegetables’, the doctor said.

The doctor said …

18. ‘Shut the door but don’t lock it’, she said to us.

She told …

19. ‘Can you speak more slowly? I can’t understand’, he said to me.

He asked …

20. Don’t come before 6 o’clock’, I said to him.

I told …

Test

Variant 2

Задание 1. Проверка теоретических знаний по теме Reported Speech (Косвенная речь).

1. На какое время изменяется время Present Perfect при переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную?

2. На какое время изменяется время Future Simple при переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную?

3. На какой модальный глагол изменяется глагол could при переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную?

4. На какой модальный глагол изменяется глагол may при переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную?

Задание 2. Решите 2 теста (только 1 ответ верный). Преобразуйте прямую речь в косвенную.

1. We said to them, “We have no money.”

a) we told them that we have no money b) we told them that we had no money

c) we told them we have no money d) we told to them that we had no money

2. He said, “I have changed my opinion.”

a) he said that he had changed his opinion b) he said that he have changed his opinion

c) he said that he would have changed his opinion d) he said that he changed his opinion

Задание 3. Преобразуйте предложения в косвенную речь.

1. Charles said, ’’Ann has bought a new car.’’

2. ‘’Read the instructions before you switch on the machine,’’ he said to me.

3. He asked Jane, ‘’Can you play the guitar?’’

4. A stranger asked a passer-by, ‘’Where is a bank?’’

5. Ann: I once spent a summer here in this village.

6. Nick: I’ve been looking everywhere for you, Rita.

7. ‘’Don’t go near the fire’’, she said to Ben.

8. Let me post your letters, Granny.

9. She promised, ’’I’ll speak to the manager about him’’.

10. ‘’Nelly, will you shut the window?’’ the teacher said.

11. ‘’Are you a captain of the school football team?’’ the new pupil asked Cyril.

12. ‘’How long does it usually take to learn to skate?’’ Andy asked the physical education teacher.

13. ‘Eat more fruit and vegetables’, the doctor said.

The doctor said …

14. ‘Shut the door but don’t lock it’, she said to us.

She told …

15. ‘Can you speak more slowly? I can’t understand’, he said to me.

He asked …

16. Don’t come before 6 o’clock’, I said to him.

I told …

17. Guide: Now we are looking at a magnificent sample of ancient art.

18. Students: We have translated the article and done all exercises.

19. ‘’Don’t feed the animals,’’ said the zoo worker to visitors.

20. ‘’Let me help you to carry your suitcase, Alla,’’ said Nick.

KEYS

Variant 1

Задание 1.

1. На Past Perfect . 2. Future Simple in the Past .

3. Модальный глагол could might.

Задание 2.

1. a 2. d

Задание 3.

1. I thought he was going to give up his job.

2. The mother told her son to go to his room then and do his homework.

3. The teacher asked Nina if she lived far from the school.

4. The little boy asked his parents what they had bought him for Christmas.

5. Helen told me that she couldn’t call me, she had lost my phone number.

7. Ann told Harry not to take her ruler and use his own.

8. I suggested we go to a movie.

9. Nick told us he had seen Jimmy at a party the week before.

10. The stewardess told passengers to fasten the seat belts.

11. My friend asked me if I had finished reading my book.

12. Mother asked why I was looking pale and what the matter was.

13. Sister told Robbie that she had been looking for him everywhere.

14. David said it was a bit cold that day and he was going to wear a pullover.

15. Mother told Alice not to interrupt the grown-ups.

16. The chairman suggested we begin the meeting.

17. The doctor said to eat more fruit and vegetables.

18. She told us to shut the door but not to lock it.

19. He asked me to speak more slowly because he couldn’t understand.

20. I told him not to come before 6 o’clock.

Variant 2

Задание 1.

1. На Past Perfect. 2. Future Simple in the Past.

3. Модальный глагол could не изменяется. 4. На модальный глагол might .

Задание 2.

1. b 2. a

Задание 3.

1. Charles said Ann had bought a new car.

2. He told me to read the instructions before I switch on the machine.

3. He asked Jane if she could play the guitar.

4. A stranger asked a passer-by where a bank was.

5. Ann said that she once had spent a summer there in that village.

6. Nick told Rita he had been looking everywhere for her.

7. She told Ben not to go near the fire.

8. She / he offered to post granny’s letters.

9. She promised she would speak to the manager about him.

10. The teacher asked Nelly to shut the window.

11. The new pupil asked Cyril if he was a captain of the school football team.

12, Andy asked the physical education teacher how long it took to learn to skate.

13. The doctor said to eat more fruit and vegetables.

14. She told us to shut the door but not to lock it.

15. He asked me to speak more slowly because he couldn’t understand.

16. I told him not to come before 6 o’clock.

17. The guide remarked that they were looking at a magnificent sample of ancient art (then).

18. The students reported they had translated the article and done all exercises.

19. The zoo worker warned visitors not to feed the animals.

20. Nick offered to carry Alla’s suitcase.

Предварительный просмотр:

Тест 1

Выберите правильный вариант.

1. She said that she______keen on drawing.

a) was c) has been

b) is d) were

2.1______her that I______time to play the piano.

a) told, have no c) told, did not have

b) tells, did not have d) told to, had not have

a) went to bed, hadn"t seen

b) had gone to bed, hadn"t seen

c) has gone to bed, hasn"t seen

d) had gone to bed, didn"t see

a) is going c) were going

b) has gone d) was going

5.1 replied that I _____ her when I______back.

a) will phone, got c) will have phoned, will have come

b) would phone, got d) is to phone, get

a) is c) was

b) has been d) were

7. The teacher______a report on the Civil War.

a) told Jane to make c) told Jane make

b) tell to Jane to make d) told to Jane to make

a) ask to me not to c) asked me not to

b) asked to not d) asked not

9.1 said that I______if I______time.

a) will go, have c) would go, have had

b) would go, had d) will go, had

10. Mary answered that she______wake up early in the morning when she was young.

a) did get used to c) gets used to

b) is getting used to d) used

a) to stay c) to have stayed

b) stay d) staying

12. I am surprised to see you. Your mother said you______ ill.

a) were c) has been

b) are d) had been

13. She said that Mary______into her flat because she ______her key.

a) cannot get, lost c) couldn"t get, had lost

b) couldn"t get, has lost d) can"t get, was losing

a) had, tomorrow

b) was having, tomorrow

c) will have, the next day

d) was having, the next day

a) is making c) will make

b) made d) make

Тест 2

Выберите правильный вариант.

1. Ellie exclaimed that she______that car since her father gave it to her and that there had been no complaints.

a) had driven c) drove

b) had been driving d) was driving

2. Vie said that they knew only what was in the papers, that they______for a call or a telegram since they heard of the accident.

a) waited c) had waited

b) were waiting d) had been waiting

3. Norma said that the old car had broken when they______ the bridge.

a) has crossed c) crossed

b) had been crossing d) were crossing

4. She said she couldn"t go in the water because she______ her swimming suit.

a) had not brought c) hasn"t brought

b) didn"t bring d) will not bring

5. She said my shoes were wet through and asked if I __all the way from the station in that rain.

a) has walked c) walking

b) had walked d) was walking

6. The old teacher advised me to speak slowly if 1______ them to understand me.

a) had wanted c) wanted

b) want d) would want

7. It was announced that the international treaty against the new warfare______and had gone into effect.

a) would have been ratified c) had been ratified

b) is ratified d) was ratified

8. The Navy officials said that the dolphins______in salt water holding tanks.

a) will be kept c) are kept

b) would be kept d) will kept

9. Nobody can explain why she decided to touch upon the matter yesterday night. She______that the whole subject was too dangerous to discuss at night.

a) ought to know c) ought known

b) ought to have known d) ought know

10. It has recently been announced that further supplies ______soon be available.

a) will c) were

b) would d) are

11.She wondered if Stephen had found that the room was empty and if he___for her at the moment.

a) looked c) was looked

b) had been looking d) was looking

12. The receptionist told us that from our room we______awonderful view over the sea.

a) will have c) would have

b) were going to have d) were having

13. Miss Marple replied that she______surprised at seeing the doctor depart.

a) is not c) has not been

b) won"t be d) would not be

14. The receptionist explained that breakfast______served between 7.00 and 9.00.

a) is b) is being

с) was d) was being

15. The guide reminded us that after lunch we_________ sightseeing.

a) go c) went

b) were going d) would go

Тест 3

Выберите правильный вариант.

1. Не asked me if Tom______yet.

a) hadn"t left c) leaves

b) left d) hasn"t left

2. He asked me how long I______English.

a) learn c) has been learning

b) am learning d) had been learning

3.1 didn"t know who they______about.

a) speak c) were speaking

b) are speaking d) spoke

4. Do you know whose work they______.

a) discuss c) were discussing

b) are discussing d) discussed

5.1 didn"t know he______a new book.

a) wrote c) writes

b) has written d) had written

6. We didn"t know whose things they______.

a) were c) can be

b) are d) may be

7. All the students knew they______revise for the examinations.

a) will c) may

b) must d) had to

8. He showed me which exercises he______.

a) does c) had done

b) has done d) "11 do.

9. He knows that Peter______in Kiev now.

a) was b) is

с) "11 be d) has been

10. He knew why Peter______to Kiev several times.

a) was c) had been

b) has been d) "11 be

11.1 thought you______do it tomorrow.

a) "d c) can

b) "11 d) must

12. We were sure that you______cope with the task.

a) can c) could

b) will d) are able to

13. The teacher asked what we______.

a) discuss c) are discussing

b) discussed d) were discussing

14. He wanted to know when we______there again.

a) go c) "11 go

b) were going d) are going

15. A man asked how______to the Red Square.

a) get c) getting

b) to get d) "d get

Тест 4

Выберите правильный вариант.

1. She said that her friend"s name______Mary.

a) is c) was

b) has been d) were

2.1 saw what he______.

a) means c) is meaning

b) meant d) has meant

3, She thought it______curious.

a) "11 be c) is

b) was d) has been

4. He said he______hungry.

a) was c) "11 be

b) is d) has been

5.1 heard she______good English.

a)speaks c)speak

b) is speaking d) spoke

6. John confessed he .________l ike football.

a) doesn"t c) will not

b) didn"t d) do not

7. He asked me how many lessons I______last week.

a) had c) had had

b) was having d) have

8. He wondered what Dick______at that moment.

a) did c) is doing

b) does d) was doing

9. He told me Jack ______back in a few minutes.

a) would be c) is

b) was d) will be

10. He promised he______there in half an hour.

a) is c) will be

b) would be d) was

11. She complained that no one______ever______to her.

a) -, speaks c) had spoken

b) - ,spoke d) has spoken

12. The manager explained that the exhibition______last week.

a) finished c) is finished

b) finishes d) had finished

13. He explained he______there two years before.

a) had moved c) moves

b) moved d) was moving

14. The boy exclaimed that their team______the match at last.

a) had won с) won

b) win d) has won

15. He remarked he______already______the film.

a) -, saw c) had seen

b) -, sees d) has seen

Прямая и косвенная речь. Согласование времен

Ключи к тестам

Предварительный просмотр:

TEST (Variant I)

1 . Choose the right variant of the Reported Speech.

1. I said, “He will not get there on time”.

a) I said that he wouldn’t get there on time.

b) I said that he will not get there on time.

2. He asks, “Didn’t he go shopping yesterday?”

a) He asks if he didn’t go shopping yesterday.

b) He asks if he doesn’t go shopping yesterday.

3. Betty asked, “Who wrote this book?”

a) Betty asked who did write this book.

b) Betty asked who had written this book.

4. Robin asked, “Have you passed your exam?”

a) Robin asked if I had passed my exam.

b) Robin asked if I passed my exam.

a) Mary told her brother not to watch TV, because it was late.

b) Mary told her brother don’t watch TV, because it is late.

1. Nick said that he had been very successful learning to drive.

a) Nick: “I have been very successful learning to drive.”

b) Nick: “I was very successful learning to drive.”

2. He said that I could come and stay at his flat if I was ever in London.

a) He said: “I could come and stay at his flat if I was ever in London.”

b) He said: “You can come and stay at his flat if you are ever in London.”

3. Fred said he worked for a small publishing company.

a) Fred: “I worked for a small publishing company.”

b) Fred: “I work for a small publishing company.”

4. Kelly told that she didn’t look after herself properly.

a) Kelly: “I don’t look after myself properly.”

b) Kelly: “I didn’t look after myself properly.”

5. Charles asked the receptionist when he could see the doctor.

a) Charles: “When can I see the doctor?”

b) Charles: “When I could see the doctor?”

3. Choose the right answer.

1. She asked me if I … my dinner.

2. Our children said they … school.

3. She said that she … twenty years old the following Friday.

4. Liz says she … the film.

5. Mr. Green told the children … so much noise.

TEST (Variant II)

1. Choose the right variant of the Reported Speech.

1. “We can’t remember where we put our passports,” said Richard.

a) Richard said they couldn’t remember where they had put their passports.

b) Richard said they couldn’t remember where they put their passports.

2. “You don’t keep your flat warm enough,” said Jack.

a) Jack said I didn’t keep my flat warm enough.

b) Jack said you didn’t keep your flat warm enough.

3. “He doesn’t get on with his stepma,” said Sam.

a) Sam said that he doesn’t get on with his stepma.

b) Sam said that he didn’t get on with his stepma.

4. “Who is going to give a talk?” asked Fred.

a) Fred asked who is going to give a talk.

b) Fred asked who was going to give a talk.

5. “When can I see Mr Marcony?” Charles asked the secretary.

a) Charles asked the secretary when could he see Mr Marcony.

b) Charles asked the secretary when he could see Mr Marcony.

2. Choose the right variant of the Direct Speech.

1. I asked the boy not to make such a fuss.

a) I said to the boy, “Don’t make such a fuss.”

b) I asked the boy, “Not make such a fuss.”

2. The teacher ordered the pupils to open the books.

a) The teacher to the pupils: “To open the books!”

b) The teacher to the pupils: “Open the books!”

3. Jacky asked Pat if she would spend her holidays in Russia.

a) Jacky said to Pat, “Will you spend your holidays in Russia?”

b) Jacky said to Pat, “If you spend your holidays in Russia?”

4. He asks if I am an actress.

a) He says, “Are you an actress?”

b) He says, “Do you an actress?”

5. The teacher asked the boys not to talk very loud.

a) The teacher to the boys, “Doesn’t talk very loud.”

b) The teacher to the boys, “Don’t talk very loud.”

3. Choose the right answer.

1. She said that she … twenty years old the following Friday.

a) will be b) would be c) was

2. Liz says she … the film.

a) already saw b) had already seen c) has already seen

3. Mr. Green told the children … so much noise.

a) don’t make b) not to make c) not make

4. Our children said they … school.

a) don’t like b) didn’t like c) won’t like

5. She asked me if I … my dinner.

a) enjoyed b) enjoy c) have enjoyed

Предварительный просмотр:

Вариант I

Упражнение 1.
E.g. The teacher said to me: “Hand this note to your parents, please””. – The teacher asked me to hand that note to my parents.
1. “Please help me with this work, Henry,” said Robert.
2. He said to us: “Come here tomorrow.”
3. I said to Mike: “Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive.”
4. Father said to me: “Don’t stay here long.”
5. “Don’t be afraid of my dog,” said the man to Kate.
Упражнение 2.
E.g.: He said “I have just received a letter from my uncle.” – He said he had just received a letter from his uncle .
1. “I am going to the theatre tonight,” he said to me.
2. I said to them: “I can give you my uncle’s address.”
3. “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman.
4. She said: “You will read this book in the 9th form.”
5. “You have not done your work well,” said the teacher to me.

Упражнение 3.
E.g.: Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. – Tom said: “I shall go and see the doctor tomorrow”
2. He told me he had fallen ill.
2. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before.
3. She told me she had caught cold.
4. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side.
5. He said he would not come to school until Monday.

Упражнение 4.
E.g.: Mother said to me: “Who has brought this parcel?” – Mother asked me who had brought that parcel.
1. He said to her: “Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?”
2. Ann said to Mike: “When did you leave London?”
3. Boris said to them: “How can I get to the railway station?”
4. Mary asked Tom: “What time will you come here tomorrow?”
5. She asked me: “Why didn’t you come here yesterday?”

Упражнение 5.
E.g.: Where did I put the book? (I forgot …) – I forgot where I had put the book.
1. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know …)
2. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me …)
3. How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He wondered …)
4. Where has he gone? (Did you know …)
5. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know …)

Упражнение 6.
E.g. : I said to Mike: “Have you packed your suitcase?” – I asked Mike if he had packed his suitcase.
1. I said to Kate: “Did anybody meet you at the station?” 2. I said to her: “Can you give me their address?” 3. I asked Tom: “Have you had breakfast?” 4. I asked my sister: “Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?” 5. She said to the young man: “Can you call a taxi for me?”

Упражнение 7.
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
E.g.: I asked him if he was going to a health resort. – I said to him: “Are you going to a health resort?”.
1. I asked him if the doctor had given him some medicine. I asked him if he was feeling better now.
2. I asked the man how long he had been to St. Petersburg.
3. We asked the girl if her father was still in Moscow.
4. I asked the girl what sort of work her father did.
5. I asked if they had taken the sick man to hospital.

Упражнения по теме «Прямая и косвенная речь»

Вариант II

Упражнение 1.
Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в косвенной речи.
2. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress.
3. “Please don’t mention it to anybody,” Mary said to her friend.
7. “Explain to me how to solve this problem,” said my friend to me.
8. The doctor said to Nick: “Open your mouth and show me your tongue.”
10. The doctor said to Pete: “Don’t go for a walk today.”

Упражнение 2.
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
4. Misha said: “I saw them at my parents’ house last year.”
5. “I don’t go to this shop very often,” she said.
7. The teacher said to the class: “We shall discuss this subject tomorrow.”
8. Mike said: “We have bought these books today.”
3. Oleg said: “My room is on the second floor.”

Упражнение 3.
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
1. He told me he was ill.
4. I told my sister that she might catch cold.
6. She said she was feeling bad that day.
10. The man said he had spent a month at a health resort.

Упражнение 4.
Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи.
3. She said to Boris: “When will you be back home?”
7. I said to Nick: “Where are you going?”
8. I said to him: “How long are you going to stay here?”
9. Pete said to his friends: “When are you leaving St. Petersburg?”
10. He said to them: “Who will you see before you leave here?”

Упражнение 5.
Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.
4. Where is he going? (He didn’t tell anybody …)
6. Where is he? (Did you know …)
7. When will he come back? (She asked them …).
8. Where does he live? (Nobody knew …)
9. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know…)

Упражнение 6.
Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи.
6. Mary said to Peter: “Have you shown your photo to Dick?” 7. He said to us: “Did you go to the museum this morning?” 8. I said to Boris: “Does your friend live in London?” 9. I said to the man: “Are you living in a hotel?” 10. He said to me: “Do you often go to see your friends?”

Упражнение 7.
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
6. I asked my friend if he had a headache.
7. I wanted to know when he had fallen ill.
8. I wondered if he had taken his temperature.
9. I asked him if he was going to a health resort.
10. I wondered if he had taken his temperature.

Обойтись без косвенной речи никак невозможно, так же как невозможно изучать английский, не пересказывая тексты. Делайте это как можно чаще, не забывая о согласовании времен, и вы улучшите разговорные навыки автоматически. В заключение, предлагаем выполнить упражнения на косвенную речь в английском языке на уровне advanced для продолжающих. Некоторые упражнения взяты из учебника: Макарова Е.В., Пархамович Т.В., Ухванова И.Ф. Английский язык. Интенсивный курс

Косвенная речь в английском языке. Упражнения Reported Speech Advanced

Перевод предложений в косвенную речь (повторение)

Упражнение 1. Переведите повествовательные предложения в косвенную речь.

1. I The secretary has said, «The press conference is taking place now in the main hall».
2. My brother has said, «Aunt Sally will come on Monday.»
3. The students have said, «We had two tests last week.»
4. Her daughter said, «I am not listening to music now.»
5. My friend said, «I have visited all these places,»
6. Tom said, «‘I am a first year student now.»
7. She said, «I have not been speaking to him since yesterday.»
8. Susan said, «I was in the library two days ago.»
9. The boy said, «I was not watching TV in my home at 8 o’clock.»
10. The teacher said, «They have been writing since early morning».
11. He said, «I will visit you next Friday.»
12. She said, «I will be leaving my home at 10 o’clock tonight»

Упражнение 2 . Переведите общие вопросы в косвенную речь.

1. John asked, «Has anybody seen the film?»
2. He asked, «Are you listening to music now?»
3. She asked, «Have you been working hard on this problem?»
4. She asked, «Were you in the library yesterday?»
5. He asks, «Does she work now?»
6. He asks, «Has she been reading this book since Monday?»
7. Jane asked, «Can anybody tell me what you have been discussing all the time?»
8. He asked, «Will you be at Nick and Carol’s party tonight?»

Упражнение 3 . Переведите специальные вопросы в косвенную речь.

1. Where is he going? (He didn’t tell anybody..)
2. Where has he gone? (Did you know…)
3. Where is he? (Did you know…)
4. When is he leaving school? (I wanted to know…)
5. Where does he live? (Nobody knew…)
6. When will he come back? (She asked them…)
7. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know…)
8. How much did she pay for it? (I had no idea…)

Упражнение 4. Переведите повелительные предложения в косвенную речь.

1. The army captain said, «Don’t shoot!»
2. The police officer said, «Put your hands over your head!»
3. The flight attendant said, «Fasten your seat belts!»
4. The teacher said, «Don’t use your dictionaries!»
5. The doctor said, «Take this medicine three times a day.»
6. The firefighter said, «Don’t go near the house, it is dangerous!»

Упражнение 5. Найдите ошибки в предложении.

1. The instructor asked me if I can swim and I said I can.
2. He said me that he had been waiting for me here.
3. She asked me where I had lived two years ago.
4. Mr. Grey told that he missed his hometown.
5. The parking attendant directed to park our car on the left.
6. The man asked the boy to tell him what is the time.
7. He wanted to know why Bob is missing a class today.
8. He asked me if Ted had been sick yesterday.

Упражнение 6. Прочитайте диалог.

A.: Excuse me? В.: Yes…
A.: This chicken is underdone.
В.: What do you mean?
A.: It’s not cooked.
В.: Yes, it is.
A.: No, it isn’t.
В.: Look, that’s how we always serve it.
A.: Well, I don’t want it. And I won’t pay.
В.: You’ll pay whether you eat it or not.
A.: In that case, I want to see the manager.
В.: I’m the manager.

Используя косвенную речь, расскажите о ситуации. Напри­мер, начните так:
«I ordered the chicken. It wasn’t properly cooked. I told the waiter…»

Упражнение 7. Прочитайте текст и перепишите его, используя прямую речь.

The waiter recommended the fish. When it arrived, it was in­edible. I summoned the waiter and complained that the fish was un­cooked. He appologized and offered to replace it. I told him that I wasn’t hungry, and requested the bill… .

Упражнения на Reported Speech (advanced)

Упражнение 8. Переведите предложения ниже в косвенную речь, используя глаголы:ask, beg, congratulate, thank, insist, offer, object, refuse, invite, suggest, complain, remark .

1.“Please, please, do as I say”, I said.

2. Peter, “I will pay.”
Alec, “Oh, no you mustn’t”.
Peter, “I insist on paying”

3.“Hurray, I’ve passed my exam!”
“Congratulations”, — I said.

4.“Many happy returns of the day”, we said.
“Thank you,” said the boy.

5.“Let us wait here till the rain stops,” I said.

6.“Oh, I’ve hit my thumb with the hammer!” Peter cried.

7.“Have an apple,” Mary said. – “No, thanks,” I replied.

8.“What about going for a walk?” he said. – “It’s quite fine now.”

Упражнение 9. Переделайте предложения с прямой речью в предложения с косвенной речью, используя глаголы: advise, remind, warn, invite, ask, encourage.

1. R u t h: Don’t forget to post the letter, Bruno.
2. R i с h a r d: Carolina, I think you should see a doctor.
3. К a t h y: Olivia, please do the dishes.
4. R u t h: Patrice, would you and Manny like to come to din­ner?
5. M a r i a: Roger, close the door, please.
6. M о t h e r: Ben, don’t touch the heater.
7. M i k e: Vicki, why don’t you run in the marathon?
8. Be careful! Don’t sit down, that paint is wet.

Упражнение 10. Прочитайте совет врача и переведите его на английский язык .

Медсестра спросила меня, ожидаю ли я доктора Грея, и пригласила меня к нему в кабинет (surgery).

Доктор Грей улыбнулся мне и спросил, что меня беспокоит. Я сказал, что ужасно переутомлен (be run down). Он спросил меня, поздно ли я ложусь спать (stay up late), и я сказал, что нет. Он поинтересовался, почему я не соблюдаю нормальный режим (keep regular hours), и я объяснил, что почти каждый вечер я встречаюсь с друзьями.

Доктор захотел узнать, как я провожу время, и я сказал, что в основном (mostly) я хожу на вечеринки. Доктор спросил меня, удается ли (have the chance) мне отдохнуть (to recover) в выходные дни, но я вынужден был признать (admit), что в выходные дни наши вечеринки длятся всю ночь.

Он спросил меня, курю ли я, и когда я сказал, что курю, доктор спросил меня, сколько сигарет в день я выкуриваю. Он был поражен, когда услышал мой ответ.

Тогда врач спросил меня, занимаюсь (take) ли я гимнастикой для поддержания своего здоровья (to keep fit). Я ответил, что для этого у меня нет времени.

Упражнение 11. Передайте в косвенной речи цитаты известных людей. Запомните три из них .

1. “I can’t resist anything but temptation. ” (Oscar Wilde)

2. “It has long been an axiom of mine that the little things are the most important”(Conan Doyle)

3. “The world is so full of a number of things, I’m sure we should all be happy as kings”. (Robert Stevenson)

4. “Always do what you are afraid to do” (Ralf Emerson, American poet and essayist)

5. “Never take anything for granted”. (Benjamin Disraeli)

6.“If a man doesn’t make new friends as he advanced through life – he will soon find himself alone. A man should keep his friendship in constant repair.” (Samuel Johnson, English writer)

7. “If you want to be successful, you must look successful. ”(Thomas Moore, Irish poet)

8. “Don’t anticipate trouble or worry about what may never happen. Keep in the sunlight.”(Benjamin Franklin)

9. “Every man has three characters: that which he exhibits, that which he has and that which he thinks he has. ” (Karr)

Упражнение 12. Перепишите шутку в прямой речи.

• be annoyed – быть раздраженным
• patient – терпеливый
• calm – спокойный
• sensible – разумный
• swear – ругаться
• wave – махать
• small things – пустяки

One day, when Jack the Patient came home from work he found his wife very annoyed about something.

1. He asked what the matter was.
2. And she answered that she had been annoyed by a bee.
3. Jack the Patient continued that he had always been more sensible than his wife so he was going to give her a lecture at the moment.
4. He added that he would prove to her the impor­tance of always remaining calm.
5. He said it was a waste of time and strength to get excited about small things.
6. He told her to train herself to be patient like him.
7. He asked her to look at the fly that had just landed on his nose.
8. He asked if he was getting excited or annoyed, if he was swearing or waving his arms around.
9. He explained that he wasn’t, he was perfectly calm. Just as he had said that Jack the Patient started shouting. He jumped up and began to wave his arms around wildly and swear terribly.
10. His wife got surprised and asked what had made him so excited. He couldn’t say a word for some time. But at last he was able to tell his wife that the thing on his nose hadn’t been a fly, it had been a bee!

Упражнение 13. Перепишите шутки в косвенной речи, не забывая про подчеркнутые слова.

— Mummy, why is it cold today ?
— It is winter now. It’s always cold in winter.
— But why is it always cold in winter?
— Oh, Susan, I didn’t ask my mother so many questions.
— Now I understand why you can’t answer my questions!

Susan asked her mother …. Her mother answered …. Susan repeated the question …. Susan’s mother got angry and exclaimed that…. Susan came to the conclusion that….

— Daddy, can you write in the dark?
— Of course, I can.
— Then turn off the light and sign my report card (дневник), please.

Susan wondered …. Her father answered …. Then she asked him to ….

The client: It’s the most terrible fish I’ve ev­er eaten. Bring me the fish I ate in this restaurant last week .
The waiter: Sorry, sir, but it’s the same fish.

Вill: I broke off my engagement to Mary two months ago .
Tom: But why? Have you told her about your rich uncle?
Bill: Yes, I have. She’s my aunt now .

Teасher: Why are you late this morning , Jack?»
Jack: I pressed the toothpaste so hard that it took me half an hour to get the paste back into the tube.

Вill: I saw the doctor last Monday about my loss of memory.
Tom: What did he do?
Bill: He made me pay in advance.

Kate: What did you hear at the opera yesterday ?
Jane: All sorts of things: Oleg is going to Lon­don next month, Boris passed his exam last week, Ann took the first place in the literature Olympiad two days ago .

The tourist: Are you sure there are no croco­diles here ?
The guide: Yes, I am. We haven’t found any crocodiles here .
The tourist: I think I can have a swim in this river tomorrow . And what makes you think there are no crocodiles in this place?
The guide: They are afraid of the sharks.

Mrs Worry: Does your son smoke?
Mrs Calm: No, he doesn’t.
Mrs Worry: Does he go out late?
Mrs Calm: No, he doesn’t. He went to bed after dinner yesterday .
Mrs Worry: What is he doing now ?
Mrs Calm: He is watching cartoons.
MrsWorry: Oh, he is an ideal son. How old is he?
Mrs Calm: Three years today .

Mr Green: Last month a grain of sand got into my wife’s eye and she had to go to a doctor. I had to pay two hun­dred dollars for it.
Mr White: That’s nothing, last week a fur coat got into my wife’s eye and I had to pay two thousand dollars for it.

В заключение, устный тренинг по теме «Косвенная речь в английском языке. Reported Speech (advanced)».

Упражненеие 14. Переведите предложения, запомните свой ответ и проверьте себя.

1. Он говорит, что Мэри сделает это.
2. Он только что сказал мне, что урок начался.
3. Он сказал мне, что урок начался.
4. Он попросил ее дать ему стакан воды.
5. Она сказала ему прийти в 5 часов.

1. Не says (that) Mary will do it.
2. He has just told me that the lesson has begun.
3. He told me that the lesson had begun.
4. My brother has just said that he will come at 5 o’clock
5. Не said that he got up at 8 o’clock.
6. He said that the delegation would leave at the end of the week.
7. Не said that he would write the letter that day.
8. Не asked me where I lived.
9. Не asked me when they would send the documents.
10. Не asked me if (whether) I had received his telegram.
11. He asked her to give him a glass of water.
12. She told him to come at 5 o’clock.

1. Измените предложения с общими вопросами на косвенную речь.

Например: «Are you happy?» he asked her. («Ты счастлива?», спросил он ее.) - He asked her if she was happy. (Он спросил, счастлива ли она.)

1. I asked him, “Have you seen my dog?” (Я спросил его: «Ты видел мою собаку?»)
2. “Can you give me an ice-cream?” asked the little girl. («Вы можете дать мне мороженое?» - спросила маленькая девочка.)
3. “Do you know when she will return?” he asked. («Ты знаешь, когда она вернется?» - спросил он.)
4. The teacher said to the girls, “Have you done your homework?” (Учитель сказал девочкам: «Вы сделали домашнее задание?»)
5. The little boy asked the man, “Will you help me?” (Маленький мальчик попросил мужчину: «Вы поможете мне?»)
6. “Are you coming home with me?” he asked me. («Ты пойдешь со мной домой?» - спросил он меня.)
7. “Do you really come from Japan?” the prince asked the young man. («Вы действительно родом из Японии?» - спросил принц молодого человека.)
8. “Don’t you have a driving license?” I asked her. («Разве у вас нет водительских прав?» - спросил я ее.)
9. Ann said, “Did anybody see you?” (Анна сказала: «Тебя кто-нибудь видел?»)
10. “Are they hungry?” my mother asked. («Они голодны?» - спросила моя мама.)
11. “Can you speak French?” the manager asked. («Вы можете говорить по-французски?» - спросил менеджер.)
12. “Was your sister at home?” Bob asked. («Твоя сестра была дома?» - спросил Боб.)

2. Вы встретили бывшего соседа Уильяма. Он задает вам много вопросов:

1. How are you?
2. Where have you been?
3. Where is your sister?
4. What does her husband do?
5. How much do you earn?
6. When will you pay my money back?
7. Why did you move to another place?
8. Where are you going?
9. Why didn’t you call me last month?
10. What time can I call you?

Расскажите своему другу, о чем вас расспрашивал Уильям. Начинайте со слов: Не asked me ..., He wanted to know ..., He wondered ...

Например: He asked me how I was. (Он спросил, как у меня дела.)

3. Выберите подходящую форму глагола в каждом предложении.

1. Paul asked me whether I liked travelling. - “... (Do you like/Did you like) travelling?” asked Paul.
2. He asked me if I had finished the essay. – “... (Did you finish/Had you finished) the essay?” he asked me.
3. Helen asked me if she could leave. – “... (Can/Could) I leave?” asked Helen.
4. I asked Sam where we were going. – “Where ... (are we/were we/we were) going?” I asked.
5. Mark asked Liz if she had met anyone the previous Sunday. – “... (Did you meet/Have you met) anyone last Sunday?” asked Mark.
6. The policeman asked him whether the gun belonged to him. – “... (Does/Did) the gun belong to you?” asked the policeman.
7. David asked his daughter when she would get back. – “When ... (would you get/will you get/have you got) back?” asked David.
8. Diana asked me what time the film started. – “What time ... did/does the film start?” asked Diana.
9. A passer-by asked me where the nearest toilet was. – “Where ... (was/has been/is) the nearest toilet?” asked a passer-by.
10. She wondered who would buy that car. – “Who ... (will/would) buy that car?” she wondered.

Ответы:

1. I asked him if he had seen my dog.
2. The little girl asked whether I could give her an ice-cream.
3. He asked me if I knew when she would return.
4. The teacher wondered if the girls had done their homework.
5. The little boy asked whether the man would help him.
6. He asked if I was coming home with him.
7. The prince asked the young man if he really came from Japan.
8. I wanted to know if she didn’t have a driving license.
9. Ann asked if anybody had seen her.
10. My mother asked whether they were hungry.
11. The manager asked if I could speak French.
12. Bob wanted to know if my sister had been at home.

2. He asked me where I had been. (Он спросил меня, где я был.)

3. He wanted to know where my sister was. (Он хотел узнать, где моя сестра.)

4. He wondered what her husband did. (Он интересовался, чем занимается ее муж.)

5. He asked me how much I earned. (Он спросил меня, сколько я зарабатываю.)

6. He asked when I would pay his money back. (Он спросил, когда я верну ему деньги.)

7. He wondered why I had moved to another place. (Он поинтересовался, почему я переехал в другое место.)

8. He asked me where I was going. (Он спросил меня, куда я иду.)

9. He wanted to know why I hadn’t called him the previous month. (Он хотел узнать, почему я не позвонил ему в прошлом месяце.)

10. He asked what time he could call me. (Он спросил, во сколько можно мне позвонить.)

1. Do you like travelling?
2. Did you finish the essay?
3. Can I leave?
4. Where are we going?
5. Did you meet anyone last Sunday?
6. Does the gun belong to you?
7. When will you get back?
8. What time does the film start?
9. Where is the nearest toilet?
10. Who will buy that car?

Чтобы понять, что такое косвенная речь в английской грамматике, нужно разобраться для начала с тем, что собой представляет прямая речь.

Прямая речь — это фраза какого-либо субъекта, она звучит непосредственно из первых уст и заключается письменно в кавычки

Прямая речь представляет собой отдельное предложение, поэтому после того как открываем кавычки, первое слово пишем с прописной буквы. В английском языке после слов, указывающих кто говорит, ставится запятая. В то время как в русском мы ставим двоеточие:

• Он сказал: «Я верну твою книгу завтра».

He said, «I will return your book tomorrow.»

Косвенная речь является способом передачи слов, сказанных другим человеком, при этом передающий преобразует чужие слова грамматически и по смыслу, чтобы было понятно, кому они принадлежат, сохраняя при этом общее содержание сказанного.

• Он сказал, что вернет мою книгу на следующий день.

He said that he would return my book the next day. Секреты английской косвенной речи

Косвенная речь — преобразованная прямая

В повествовательных предложениях английского языка происходит ряд изменении при превращении прямой речи в косвенную:

1. После слов, которые вводят фразу автора, запятая уже не ставится
2. После вводных слов ставится союз that (что), иногда можно обойтись без него
3. Если в вводных словах есть глагол to say (сказать), он заменяется на to tell (сказать), если после него следует дополнение, указывающее кому фраза адресуется

Следующая таблица с наглядными примерами поможет понять правила, что перечислены выше.

Главные предложения — это именно те вводные слова, такие как «Люк сказал», «она утверждает», «родители ответили» и т. д. Они сохраняют свою временную форму:

• Present Indefinite (Настоящее Простое)
• Present Perfect (Настоящее Совершенное)
• Future Indefinite (Будущее Простое), даже будучи частью косвенной речи

Таблица с примерами опять же поможет вам уяснить данное правило

Постепенно мы подошли к важному моменту грамматики, который необходимо разобрать для понимания, как образуется косвенная речь в английском языке. Я имею виду правила согласования времен английского языка в косвенной речи. Следующая таблица передает принцип перехода времен (в верхней колонке — время, которое используется в прямой речи, в нижней колонке — время, которое нужно использовать в косвенной).

На примерах рассмотрим, как может измениться время при преобразовании речи.

1. Present Simple (Настоящее простое) -> Past Simple (Прошедшее Простое)
   • Nick said, «I learn English.» — Ник сказал: «Я учу английский.»
   • Nick said that he learnt English. — Ник сказал, что он учит английский
2. Present Progressive (Настоящее Длительное) -> Past Progressive (Прошедшее Длительное)
   • Leonardo said, «I am reading the book now.» — Леонардо сказал: «Я читаю книгу сейчас.»
   • Leonardo said that he was reading the book then. — Леонардо сказал, что он читает книгу сейчас
3. Present Perfect (Настоящее Совершенное) -> Past Perfect (Прошедшее Совершенное)
   • Angelina said, «I have seen him this morning.» — Анжелина сказала: «Я видела его этим утром.»
   • Angelina said that she had seen him that morning. — Анжелина сказала, что она видела его этим утром
4. Past Progressive (Прошедшее Длительное) -> Past Progressive / Past Perfect Progressive (Прошедшее Совершенное Длительное)
   • Robert said, «I was swimming.» — Роберт сказал: «Я плавал.»
   • Robert said that he was swimming. — Роберт сказал, что он плавал.
   • Robert said that he had been swimming. — Роберт сказал, что он плавал
5. Past Simple (Прошедшее Простое) -> Past Perfect (Прошедшее Совершенное)
   • Nina said, «I wrote the letters.» — Нина сказала: «Я писала письма.»
   • Nina said that she had written the letters. — Нина сказала, что она писала письма
6. Future Simple (Будущее Простое) -> Future in the Past (Будущее в Прошедшем)
   • Kate said, «I will find the solution of this problem." — Кейт сказала: «Я найду решение этой проблемы.»
   • Kate said that she would find the solution of this problem. — Кейт сказала, что найдет решение этой проблемы

Английская грамматика строго регламентирует употребление нужных в том или ином случае временных форм. Дело в том, что каждая из них имеет свои особенности, через которые очевидна информация о периоде совершения действия. При переводе на русский язык, эти тонкости не так ощутимы, ввиду того, что русская грамматика отлична от английской.

Необходимые модификации в вопросительных и повелительных предложениях

1. Косвенный вопрос отличается от обычного вопроса:
   • Имеет прямой порядок слов, то есть структуру подобную повествовательному предложению
   • Не требует вопросительного знака
   • Не нуждается в Present Simple и Past Simple во вспомогательном глаголе to do , который заменяется на if (ли)
     • Daniel said, «Do you want to walk?" — Даниил сказал: «Ты хочешь погулять?»
     • Daniel asked if I want to walk. — Даниил спросил, хочу ли я погулять
   • Правила согласования времен между главным и придаточным предложением остаются таким же, как и в повествовательного типа предложениях
   • Специальные вопросительные слова по-прежнему остаются в косвенной речи, помогая создать связь между главным и придаточным предложениями.
     • Bob asked me, «When did you meet her?» — Боб спросил: «Когда ты видел её?»
     • Bob asked me when I had met her. — Боб спросил, когда я её видел
2. Косвенные просьбы и приказания:
   • Используются такие вводные глаголы
     Для просьб:
     • to ask — просить
     • to beg — просить
     • to implore — умолять

     Для приказаний :

     • to tell — сказать, велеть, приказать
     • to order — приказывать
     • to allow — разрешать
   • После вводной части следует инфинитивная конструкция
     To + глагол
     Просьба :
     • Lisa says, «Be attentive, please!» — Лиза говорит: «Будь внимателен, пожалуйста!»
     • Lisa asks to be attentive. — Лиза попросит быть внимательным.

     Приказание:

     • Jack says, «Learn English!» — Джек говорит: «Учи английский!»
     • Jack tells to learn English. — Джек велит учить английский.
   • Если нужна отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения, следует перед инфинитивной конструкцией поставить частицу -not
     • Kim says, «Don"t talk so loudly!» — Ким говорит: «Не говори так громко!»
     • Kim orders not to talk so loudly. — Ким приказывает не говорить так громко

Проверочные упражнения