Tongs singular. About English with love. Morphological parsing of the verb example

The purpose of the lesson:

• study the nouns singular and plural,
• identify nouns that have only singular or plural forms.

Lesson type:

Educational and educational.

Basically nouns have the only thing number and plural number. A singular noun denotes one object (pen, house, dog), plural nouns denote several objects (pens, houses, pencils).

Numbers have only a single form:

• most proper names as names of individual objects: Russia, Europe, Mendeleev, Pushkin, Venus, the Sun, Kiev, Moscow, Caucasus, Tibet, Ural.
• most real nouns: oil, rubber, iron, steel, pearls, porcelain, silver, sugar, ozone, sorrel, milk, sour cream, honey, rye, cotton, asphalt, cement, gasoline, silage.

• most abstract nouns: joy, grief, boredom, goodness, fun, dexterity, anger, blackness, darkness, blue, yellowness, redness, whiteness, freshness, gray hair, youth.
• most collective nouns (names of many identical persons and objects): students, peasants, youth, humanity, children, teachers, animals, foliage, crows, raw materials.
• names of actions and states: smoldering, burning, reading, walking, running around, walking, swimming, delivery, felling, mowing, approval, teaching, execution, suggestion, amazement, surprise.
• words: udder, crown, flame, burden.

Only plural numbers have:

• some real nouns: pipes, sawdust, trimming, cleaning, wallpaper, ink, whitewash, yeast, cream, pasta, perfume;

• some abstract nouns: negotiations, troubles, intrigues, elections, beatings, attacks, name days;
• some collective nouns: finance, money, wilds;
• nouns denoting paired objects (objects that consist of two parts): sledges, gates, pliers, tongs, scissors, pliers, trousers, glasses, scales, swing, stretcher, rake, clock, abacus, railings, shorts.

Watch the hilarious plot from the movie "The Diamond Arm", pay attention to the number in which the word "pants" is used.

• some proper and geographical names: Carpathians, Alps, Cordeliers, Athens, "Demons" (novel), "The Brothers Karamazov" (novel), "Dangerous Liaisons" (novel);

• some names of games, periods of time, natural phenomena: robber Cossacks, tag, checkers, chess, backgammon, day, holidays, weekdays, twilight, frost.

Watch the "Sea hide and seek" storyline. What is the number of the noun "hide and seek"? Name the games in the singular and plural.

For nouns that have only the plural form, not only the gender, but also the declension is not determined.

The exercise: rewrite words, underline an extra word in a row.

1. Scissors, yeast, tongs, shoes.

2. Trousers, troubles, doors, pitchforks.

3. Wilds, games, debates, chess.

4. Ink, ears, glasses, shorts.

There are cases in which nouns that have only a singular form only form plural forms, but at the same time the lexical meaning of the word is necessarily changed.

• For real nouns:

The plural form has the meaning of the types and grades of the substance (wine - dessert wines, oil - essential oils);

The plural form has the meaning of a large space covered with this substance (sand is the sands of the Sahara, water is sea waters).

• For abstract nouns:

The plural form has the meaning of various manifestations of properties, qualities, states (possibility - endless possibilities, perspective - new perspectives, sorrow - our sorrows);

The plural form has the meaning of the multiple and degree of manifestation of the sign, duration, state, action (heat - prolonged heat, pain - intolerable pain, cry - loud screams).

The exercise. Listen to the song "From what". What are the nouns?

Forms of the number of nouns are often used in figurative meaning:

• singular in the plural sense.

Example: The new generation needs a new level of education. The main viewer of this film is a man of high moral standards.

• plural in the meaning of singular.

Example: I did not study at universities, did not graduate from institutes.

The main indicator of the form of the number is ending, which simultaneously expresses the meaning of gender (singular) and case:

Home - home - home - home - home - about home (singular) and home - homes - homes - home - homes - about homes (plural).

Also, plural nouns are formed with help suffix .

Example: Brother - brothers, son - sons, son-in-law - sons-in-law, heaven - heaven, miracle - miracles, honey mushrooms, buffalo cub - buffalo.

Additional means of plural education can be: stress(place - places, lake - lakes) and the alternation of consonants (ear - ears, eye - eyes, years - years).

A non-standard plural of nouns is formed in the words child - children, person - people, etc.

Questions to consolidate a new topic:

1. In what number are nouns used?

2.How to recognize the noun singular?

3. How many objects does a noun in the singular represent?

4.How to recognize the plural noun?

5. How many objects does a plural noun represent?

Homework:

Rewrite words and underline in each group nouns that are used only in the singular.

Alphabet, sissy, provision, pussy willow, journeyman, nap, gate, tool, fear, kilometer, ink, nettle, percentage, genius, vice, leisure, chores, gourmet, porcelain, sorrel, malice, mashed potatoes, corn, appeal, plain.

Find and correct errors in these sentences and write them in the corrected form.

1. Errors have been corrected with red ink.

2. The bridge had high stone railings.

4. The talented architect Simonova has successfully completed the project.

References:

Malykhina E.V., Russian language, Genesa, 2008.

L.A. Akhremenkova "To the five step by step", M., Education, 2008.

Baranova M.T. "Russian language. Grade 6 ", M. Education, 2008.

Lesson on the topic: "The number of nouns", Tsysar S.S., MOU school number 14, Achinsk, Krasnoyarsk Territory

Lesson on the topic: "The number of nouns", Masyuk ON, MOU "Secondary school No. 2, settlement Dergachi"

Lesson on the topic: "The plural of nouns of 3 declensions", Klyueva E. V. MOU "School №3". Moscow region, Zhukovsky.

Edited and sent by A.A. Lytvyn

Worked on the lesson

E. V. Klyueva

Masyuk O.N.

Tsysar S.S.

A.A. Litvin

Some nouns have preserved the ancient plural forms to this day:
by changing the root vowel:
man- men - man - men
woman- women- woman's woman
foot- feet- foot - feet
goose- geese- goose - geese
tooth- teeth- tooth teeth
mouse- mice- mouse - mice
by adding an ending - ru :
child - children- children
ox - oxen- bull - bulls

There are also nouns that have retained the ancient plural form, which coincides with the singular form:
sheep - sheep- sheep - sheep
deer - deer- deer - deer
swine - swine- pig - pigs

Retained their original plural forms and some nouns of Latin and Greek origin:
basis - basis- base - basics
crisis- crisis- crisis - crises
thesis- thesis - thesis - theses
analysis- analysis- analysis - analyzes
axis- axis axis - axes
datum- data- fact-facts
phenomenon-phenomena-phenomenon - phenomena
formula- formulae - formula - formulas
nucleus- nuclei - core - cores
locus- loci- trajectory - trajectories
radius- radii- radius - radii
species - species - view - types

A number of nouns that denote paired objects have only plural: spectacles - glasses; pincers - pliers; trousers - trousers; shorts - panties, shorts; scissors - scissors; opera-glasses - binoculars.
The names of some games are also used in the plural form: billiards - billiards;cards - cards; dominoes - dominoes; drafts - checkers etc., as well as such nouns as: goods - goods, goods; embers - hot ash; dregs - sediment, waste; valuables - jewelry; troops - troops; clothes - clothes; contents - content, content; whereabouts - location; surroundings - environment; savings - saving and etc.

The plural of proper names and other parts of speech, numbers, letters, etc., acting as a noun, is sometimes formed like the usual plural of a noun, sometimes with the help ‘s:
the two Mary's or the two marys(y remains unchanged) - two Mary
Mind your P’s and Q’s- Keep track of your P and Q.
Cross your t’s and dot your i’s.- Cross the letters t and dot the i .
But me no but’s!- And so no "but"!
Oh, no, no, a thousand no’s!- No, no, a thousand times no!
Mr. Copperfield objected to mythree’s and five’s being too muchalike each other.- Mr. Copperfield protested that my threes and fives were too similar to each other.

Plural of compound nouns is formed by adding the plural ending to the stem carrying the main (independent) meaning:
mother-country - mother-countries- homeland - homeland
family-name - family-names- surname - surnames
bookcase - bookcases- bookcase - bookcases
gasmask - gas masks- gas mask - gas masks
passer by - passers by- passer-by - passers-by
mother-in-law - mothers-in-law- mother-in-law, mother-in-law

If none of the stems of a compound noun are nouns, the plural ending is added to the last stem:
forget-me-not - forget-me-nots- forget-me-not - forget-me-not
merry-go-round - merry-go-rounds- carousels - carousels
hold-all - hold-alls- garment bag - garment bag
overall - overalls- overalls - overalls

Compound nouns na- ful add the plural ending to the last stem:
handful - handfuls- a handful - a handful
spoonful - spoonfuls- full spoon - full spoons
But: column-full - columns-full- newspaper column - newspaper columns

Compound nouns that include as one of the components man or woman to indicate gender, when the plural is formed, only the component is reshaped man/woman on the men / women if this component completes a word, and the shape of both components if the component man / woman comes first:
postman - postmen- postman - postmen
sportswoman - sportswomen- sportswoman - sportswomen
man-servant - men-servants- servant - servants
woman-writer - women-writers- writer - writers

A number of nouns denoting a substance or material are used, as a rule, in the singular: iron - iron; steel - steel; water - water; air - air; butter - butter and others. However, they can also be used in the plural, if they indicate the types of substances: steels - steel grades.

The lack of direct correspondence in the meaning of a number in English and Russian is observed in the fact that a number of English nouns used only in the singular correspond in Russian to nouns that have both singular and plural, or only plural: advice - advice, advice; news - news, news; knowledge - knowledge, knowledge; progress - success, success; strength - strength, strength; information - information.

On the contrary, nouns such as ink - ink, cream - cream, money - money, hair - hair, fruit - fruit are used in English in their basic meaning in the singular, while in Russian - in the plural. Form inks, creams, fruits denotes varieties of ink, cream, fruit; form moneys used in special meanings in jurisprudence; shape a hair - hairs individual hairs matter. For example: He has some gray hairs. - He has some gray hair.

Some concrete nouns have both singular and plural forms in English, while in Russian they are used only in the plural:
watch - watches- Wrist Watch
clock - clocks- wall, table clock
gate - gates-Gates
sledge- sledges- sled

Some nouns ending in -s, are singular and agree with the singular verb. These include nouns: news - news, news; a works - factory; a barracks - barracks; some names of sciences: mathematics - mathematics; economics - economics; politics - politics etc. For example: Politics is a dirty business. However, if the names of sciences and activities do not denote a kind of human activity, but the process or results of its application, such nouns are considered plural forms and agree with the plural verb. For instance:
His phonetics are excellent.- His pronunciation is great.
Тhe оnly politics I understandare honest politics.- The only policy that I understand - this is an honest policy.

Collective nouns denoting a group of people or animals: family - family, group - group, aidience - audience, audience, army - army, crew - crew, team - team, delegation - delegation, party - party, group, crowd - crowd, herd - herd, herd, flock - flock and others, and denoting a group as a whole in the function of the subject, are consistent with the predicate verb in the singular:
The audience was enormous.- Lecture hall(number of people present) was enormous.
Тhe family was large. - Family was great.
The crewis ready for a take-off.- Crew ready for takeoff.

If such nouns denote individual representatives of the group, then the predicate verb is used in the plural form:
The audience were enjoying the concert.- Lecture hall(people sitting in the hall) enjoyed the concert.
My family keep a close eye on me. - My family(my family members) is watching me strictly.
The crew are now resting.-Crew(crew members) are resting now.

Collective nouns: people - people, police - police, cattle - cattle - are used only with plural verbs:
There were few people in the street.-On the street there were few people.
The police are looking for the murderer.- Police looking for a killer.
He found the field where the cattlewere grazing . - He found a field where he grazed cattle.

All uncountable nouns denoting abstract concepts, substances, materials, etc., do not form a plural form: kindness - kindness; courage - courage; friendship - friendship; struggle - struggle; music - music; time - time; sissess - success; science - science; coal; snow - snow etc. But with the concretization and individualization of abstract concepts, the nouns denoting them acquire a different meaning and can be used in the plural: science - science in general and a science - branch of science, sciences - branches of science; success - success in general, a success - good luck, good result, successes - successful results.

Non-plural nouns also include collective inanimate nouns: foliage - foliage, leafage - poet. foliage, shrubbery - shrub, brushwood - deadwood, brushwood, linen – linen, machinery - machines, machinery, furniture- furniture etc.

Designating various counting values, nouns can take the forms of both numbers, but in combination with cardinal numbers, only the singular form: five dozen apples - five dozen apples, three score years - sixty years etc. If these nouns indicate a large number without an exact quantitative meaning, then they take the plural form: dozens of people - dozens of people... In this case, they do not follow the numeral name.

Some specific nouns used as counting words are not pluralized: stone - stone, measure of weight »6,36 kg (a man of 12 stone); head - the head used for counting livestock (100 head of cattle). And, finally, being a definition for another noun in the group "numeral + noun", the noun following the numeral is used only in the singular:
a two-year-old child-two year old child
a fifty-dollar check-check for 50 dollars.

There are sections of grammar that only seem to simple and usually overlooked. From experience I know that it is precisely on these “simple” rules that many students stumble and make annoying mistakes, for which precious points are deducted when passing TOEFL or any other tests.

I already talked about Now let's talk about the differences that relate to the singular and plural, between the English and Russian languages.

Let me remind you that in English, words that end with the letter “S” can be:

1. Plural nouns. For instance:

2. Verbs in the present indefinite tense (Present Indefinite Tense), if the subject is the third person singular (he, she, it); For instance:

He reads. My sister works.

3. Possessive nouns: for example:

Mary's sister.

My brother’s wife.

In all three cases, the ending “S” is a suffix that attaches and detaches.

Words that simply end in "S" by themselves are negligible and everyone knows them: is, has, was, this, thus, plus, bus.

But there are nouns with the “S” suffix, which are firmly glued to the word, and it CANNOT be disconnected, that is, such nouns are used only with the ending “S”. They can be conditionally divided into two groups:

First group. Always plural.

Nouns that denote objects consisting of two identical parts (pairs), and these parts are connected to one whole. For example: "trousers" consisting of two legs. These are usually clothes or some kind of tools. Such nouns can be called "paired".

In English, “paired” nouns end in the non-detachable suffix “S” and are used ONLY in the plural. I'll write a few of these nouns:

binoculars = binoculars;

braces = braces;

breeches = pants, breeches;

glasses (= spectacles) = glasses;

knickers = breeches;

pants = underpants, pantaloons, trousers, pants;

pincers = pincers, tongs, tweezers, tweezers;

pliers = pliers, pliers, pliers;

scales = scales

pyjamas = pajamas;

scissors = scissors;

shorts = panties, shorts;

tights = tights;

tongs = tongs, tongs;

tweezers = tweezers;

trousers = trousers, pants, harem pants;

These trousers are on the bed. = These pants are on the bed. (some pants, not many pants)

This pair of trousers is very expensive. = This pair of pants is expensive. (this pair of pants means one pair of pants)

George has bought ten pairs of trousers. = George bought ten pairs of trousers.

I need some new trousers. = I need some pants (pants, pairs of pants)

I need a new pair of trousers. = I need one pair of pants.

Second group. Always singular.

1. Nouns that denote the names of scientific disciplines:

mathematics = mathematics;

physics = physics;

economics = economics;

athletics = athletics;

gymnastics = gymnastics;

dynamics = dynamics;

dialectics = dialectics;

automatics = automation;

mechanics = mechanics;

kinematics = kinematics;

linguistics = linguistics;

politics = politics;

statistics = statistics;

2. Nouns that denote some diseases:

mumps = mumps;

measles = measles;

shingles = shingles;

rickets = rickets;

The words are used with the names of scientific disciplines and the names of diseases: KIND / TYPE = TYPE, SECTION, TYPE, CLASS, KIND.

Take a close look at the examples:

Measles is an infectious disease. = Measles is an infectious disease.

Mumps is a infectious disease. = Mumps is an infectious disease.

This type of mumps is dangerous. = This type of mumps is dangerous.

This kind of measles is dangerous. = This is a type (kind) of measles - dangerous.

Physics is a science. = Physics is a science.

These types of physics are difficult to understand. = These areas of physics are difficult to understand.

3. Nouns that denote the names of some games:

billiards = billiards:

bowls = bowling, bowling:

darts = darts (throwing darts)

dominoes = dominoes:

draughts = checkers; (British English)

checkers = checkers (American English)

fives = ball game;

ninepins = pins;

4. The noun news = news, news.

This is a very good news.

This lesson was prepared for you by: Anna

Plural of nouns!
Not! Take your time to close this article. Please answer the question: "How is the plural form of nouns in English?" If your answer was a –s ending, this article is for you! The fact is that there are a number of other points.
1) For example, if nouns in the singular end in -ss, -s-x, -sh, -ch, then the plural will be formed with the ending -es. You intuitively, most likely, added it. Moreover, the ending reads like:
class-classes
box-boxes
dish-dishes
fox-foxes
2) If a word ends in –y, preceded by a consonant, then the plural is formed by replacing –y with –i and adding the ending –es.
e.g. city-cities
But: day-days, there is a vowel before -y, and our rule has two conditions.
3) If nouns in the singular end in -o, then the plural is formed with the ending -es.
e.g tomato-tomatoes
There are two exceptions to this rule: piano (s) and photo (s).
4) If nouns end in -f or -fe, then the plural is formed by replacing -f with -v and adding -es.
e.g. leaf-leaves
wife-wives
Exceptions:
сhief (s) - chief
safe- (s) -safe
roof (s) -roof
handkerchief (s) -handkerchief
The word wharf wharf has two plural forms: wharfs, wharves.

Special cases of the formation of the plural.

man - men - man - men
woman [`wʊmən] - women [` wɪmɪn] - woman - women
foot - feet - foot - feet
goose - geese - goose - geese
tooth - teeth - tooth - teeth
mouse - mice - mouse - mice
by adding the ending -en:
child - children - child - children
ox - oxen - bull - bulls
There are also nouns that have retained the ancient plural form, which coincides with the singular form:
sheep - sheep - sheep - sheep
deer - deer - deer - deer
swine - swine - pig - pigs

Some nouns of Latin and Greek origin also have their own characteristics:
basis [`beisis] - bases [` beisiz] - basis - basics
crisis [`kraisis] - crises [` kraisiz] - crisis - crises
thesis [`θi: sis] - theses [` θi: siz] - thesis - theses
analysis [əˈnæləsɪs] - analyzes [ə'nælɪsiːz] - analysis -analysis
axis [`æksis] - axes [` æksiz] - axis - axes
datum [‘deɪtəm] - data [ˈdeɪtə] - fact-facts
phenomenon - phenomena - phenomenon - phenomena
formula [ˈfɔːmjʊlə] - formulae [‘fɔːmjuliː] - formula - formulas
nucleus [ˈnjuːklɪəs] - nuclei [ˈnjuːklɪaɪ] - core - nuclei
locus [ˈləʊkəs] - loci [ˈləʊsaɪ] - trajectory - trajectories
radius [ˈreɪdjəs] - radii [ˈreɪdɪaɪ] - radius - radii
species [ˈspiːʃiːz] - species [ˈspiːʃiːz] - species - species
A number of nouns that denote paired objects are only plural:
spectacles - glasses
pincers - pliers
trousers - trousers
shorts - panties, shorts
scissors - scissors

The plural of proper names and other parts of speech, numbers, letters, etc., acting as a noun, is sometimes formed like the usual plural of a noun, sometimes with the help of ‘s:
Mr. Copperfield objected to my threes and fives being too much alike each other. - Mr. Copperfield protested that my threes and fives were too similar to each other.
The plural of compound nouns is formed by adding the plural ending to the stem carrying the main (independent) meaning:
mother-country - mother-countries - motherland - motherland
family-name - family-names - surname - surnames
bookcase - bookcases - bookcase - bookcases
gas mask - gas masks - gas mask - gas masks
passer by - passers by - passer-by - passers-by
mother-in-law - mothers-in-law - mother-in-law, mother-in-law
If none of the stems of a compound noun are nouns, the plural ending is added to the last stem:
forget-me-not - forget-me-nots - forget-me-not - forget-me-nots
merry-go-round - merry-go-rounds - carousels - carousels
overall - overalls - overalls - overalls
Compound nouns ending in -ful add a plural ending to the last stem:
handful - handfuls - handful - handfuls
spoonful - spoonfuls - spoon full - spoonfuls full
But: column-full - columns-full - newspaper column - newspaper columns
Compound nouns that include man or woman as one of the components to denote gender, when forming the plural, change the form of only the man / woman component to men / women, if this component completes the word, and the form of both components, if the man / component woman comes first:
postman - postmen - postman - postmen
sportswoman - sportswomen - sportswoman - sportswomen
man-servant - men-servants - servant - servants
woman-writer - women-writers - writer - writers
A number of nouns denoting a substance or material are used, as a rule, in the singular:
iron - iron
steel - steel
water - water
air - air
butter - butter, etc.
However, they can also be used in the plural, if they indicate the types of substances: steels - steel grades.
The lack of direct correspondence in the meaning of a number in English and Russian is observed in the fact that a number of English nouns used only in the singular correspond in Russian to nouns that have both singular and plural, or only plural:
advice - advice, advice
news - news, news
knowledge - knowledge, knowledge
progress - success, success
strength - strength, strength
information - information
On the contrary, nouns such as ink - ink, cream - cream, money - money, hair - hair, fruit - fruits are used in English in their basic meaning in the singular, while in Russian - in the plural.
The form inks, creams, fruits denotes varieties of ink, cream, fruit; the moneys form is used with special meanings in jurisprudence; the shapes of a hair - hairs have the meaning of individual hairs. For example: He has some gray hairs. - He has some gray hair.
Some concrete nouns have both singular and plural forms in English, while in Russian they are used only in the plural:
watch - watches - watches
clock - clocks - wall, table clocks
gate - gates - gate
sledge - sledges - sleigh
Collective nouns: people - people, police - police, cattle - cattle - are used only with plural verbs:
There were few people in the street. - There were few people on the street.
The police are looking for the murderer. - The police are looking for the killer.
He found the field where the cattle were grazing. “He found a field where cattle were grazing.
All uncountable nouns denoting abstract concepts, substances, materials, etc., do not form a plural form:
kindness - kindness
courage - courage
friendship - friendship
struggle - struggle
music - music
time - time
susess - success
science - science
coal
snow - snow, etc.
But with the concretization and individualization of abstract concepts, the nouns denoting them acquire a different meaning and can be used in the plural:
science - science in general, and science - a branch of science, sciences - branches of science
success - success in general, a success - good luck, successful result, successes - successful results.
Non-plural nouns also include collective inanimate nouns:
foliage - foliage
leafage is a poet. foliage
shrubbery - shrub
brushwood - deadwood, brushwood
linen - linen
machinery - machines, machinery
furniture - furniture, etc.
Designating different counting meanings, nouns can have the forms of both numbers, but in combination with cardinal numbers, only the singular form: five dozen apples - five dozen apples, three score years - sixty years, etc. If these nouns indicate a large number without a precise quantitative meaning, they take the plural form: dozens of people - dozens of people. In this case, they do not follow the numeral name.
Some specific nouns used as counting words are not used in the plural form: stone - stone, a measure of weight in 6.36 kg (a man of 12 stone); head - the head used for counting cattle (100 head of cattle).
And, finally, being a definition for another noun in the group "numeral + noun", the noun following the numeral is used only in the singular:
a two-year-old child
a fifty-dollar check - check for 50 dollars.

1. Independent parts of speech:

• nouns (see morphological norms of noun);
• Verbs:
• • participles;
  • gerunds;
• adjectives;
• numerals;
• pronouns;
• adverbs;

2. Service parts of speech:

• prepositions;
• unions;
• particles;

3. Interjections.

None of the classifications (according to the morphological system) of the Russian language fall into:

• words yes and no, if they act as an independent sentence.
• introductory words: so, by the way, total, as a separate sentence, as well as a number of other words.

Morphological analysis of a noun

• initial form in the nominative, singular (except for nouns used only in the plural: scissors, etc.);
• own or common noun;
• animate or inanimate;
• genus (m, f, cf.);
• number (singular, plural);
• declination;
• case;
• syntactic role in a sentence.

Outline of morphological parsing of a noun

"The kid is drinking milk."

Kid (answers the question who?) - noun;

• initial form - baby;
• constant morphological signs: animate, common noun, concrete, masculine, 1st declension;
• inconsistent morphological features: nominative, singular;
• when parsing a sentence, it plays the role of a subject.

Morphological analysis of the word "milk" (answers the question of whom? What?).

• initial form - milk;
• constant morphological characteristic of the word: neuter, inanimate, material, common noun, II declension;
• variable morphological signs: accusative case, singular;
• there is a direct addition in the sentence.

Here is another example of how to make a morphological analysis of a noun, based on a literary source:

"Two ladies ran up to Luzhin and helped him to get up. He began to knock the dust off his coat with his palm. (Example from" Luzhin's Defense ", Vladimir Nabokov)."

Ladies (who?) - noun;

• initial form - lady;
• constant morphological signs: common noun, animate, concrete, feminine, I declension;
• fickle morphological noun characteristics: singular, genitive;
• syntactic role: part of the subject.

Luzhin (to whom?) Is a noun;

• initial form - Luzhin;
• faithful morphological characteristic of the word: proper name, animate, concrete, masculine, mixed declension;
• inconsistent morphological features of a noun: singular, dative;

Palm (what?) - noun;

• initial form - palm;
• constant morphological signs: feminine, inanimate, common noun, specific, I declension;
• inconsistent morpho. signs: singular, instrumental;
• syntactic role in context: addition.

Dust (what?) Is a noun;

• initial form - dust;
• main morphological features: common noun, real, feminine, singular, animate not characterized, III declension (noun with a zero ending);
• fickle morphological characteristic of the word: accusative case;
• syntactic role: addition.

(c) Coat (From what?) - noun;

• initial form - coat;
• constant correct morphological characteristic of the word: inanimate, common noun, concrete, neuter, non-declining;
• morphological signs are unstable: the number cannot be determined in the context, genitive;
• syntactic role as a member of a sentence: addition.

Morphological analysis of the adjective

An adjective is a significant part of speech. Answers the questions Which one? Which? Which? Which? and characterizes the signs or qualities of the subject. Table of morphological features of the adjective:

• initial nominative, singular, masculine;
• constant morphological features of adjectives:
• • discharge, according to the value:
  • • - high quality (warm, silent);
    • - relative (yesterday's, reading);
    • - possessive (hare, mother's);
  • the degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this feature is constant);
  • full / short form (for quality ones, for which this feature is permanent);
• inconsistent morphological features of the adjective:
• • qualitative adjectives change in the degree of comparison (in comparative degrees, a simple form, in excellent ones - a complex one): beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful;
  • full or short form (only qualitative adjectives);
  • gender trait (only in the singular);
  • number (consistent with a noun);
  • case (consistent with a noun);
• syntactic role in a sentence: an adjective is a definition or part of a compound nominal predicate.

Plan for morphological parsing of an adjective

Sample sentence:

The full moon rose over the city.

Full (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - full;
• constant morphological signs of an adjective: qualitative, full form;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics: in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, feminine (consistent with a noun), nominative;
• on parsing - a minor member of the sentence, serves as a definition.

Here's another whole literary passage and morphological analysis of the adjective, with examples:

The girl was beautiful: slender, thin, blue eyes, like two amazing sapphires, and looked into your soul.

Beautiful (what?) Is an adjective;

• initial form - fine (in this meaning);
• constant morphological norms: qualitative, short;
• fickle signs: positive comparison, singular, feminine;

Slender (what?) - an adjective;

• the initial form is slender;
• permanent morphological signs: qualitative, complete;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: full, positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative;
• syntactic role in a sentence: part of the predicate.

Slim (what?) - an adjective;

• initial form - thin;
• morphological constant features: qualitative, complete;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the adjective: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative;
• syntactic role: part of the predicate.

Blue (what?) - an adjective;

• the initial form is blue;
• table of permanent morphological features of an adjective: qualitative;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics: full, positive degree of comparison, plural, nominative;
• syntactic role: definition.

Amazing (what?) - an adjective;

• the initial form is amazing;
• constant signs in morphology: relative, expressive;
• inconsistent morphological features: plural, genitive;
• syntactic role in a sentence: part of the circumstance.

Morphological signs of the verb

According to the morphology of the Russian language, the verb is an independent part of speech. It can denote an action (walking), a property (limping), an attitude (equal), a state (rejoicing), a sign (whitening, showing off) of an object. Verbs answer the question what to do? what to do? what is he doing? what have you been doing? or what will he do? Different groups of verb word forms are characterized by heterogeneous morphological characteristics and grammatical features.

Morphological forms of verbs:

• the initial form of the verb is the infinitive. It is also called the indefinite or unchangeable form of the verb. There are no inconsistent morphological signs;
• conjugated (personal and impersonal) forms;
• non-conjugated forms: participles and participles.

Morphological analysis of the verb

• initial form - infinitive;
• constant morphological features of the verb:
• • transitivity:
  • • transitive (used with accusative nouns without a preposition);
    • intransitive (not used with a noun in the accusative case without a preposition);
  • return:
  • • returnable (there is -sya, -s);
    • irrevocable (no-sya, -s);
  • • imperfect (what to do?);
    • perfect (what to do?);
  • conjugation:
  • • I conjugation (do-eat, do-do, do-do, do-do, do-do / ut);
    • II conjugation (one hundred-ish, one hundred-it, one-one, one-one, one hundred-one / at);
    • multi-conjugate verbs (want, run);
• inconsistent morphological signs of the verb:
• • mood:
  • • indicative: what did you do? What did you do? what is he doing? what will he do ?;
    • conditional: what would you do? what would you do?;
    • imperative: do it !;
  • tense (in the indicative mood: past / present / future);
  • person (in the present / future tense, indicative and imperative mood: 1 person: me / we, 2 person: you / you, 3 person: he / they);
  • gender (in the past tense, singular, indicative and conditional mood);
  • number;
• syntactic role in a sentence. The infinitive can be any member of a sentence:
• • predicate: To be a holiday today;
  • subjects: Learning is always useful;
  • addition: All the guests asked her to dance;
  • definition: He has an irresistible desire to eat;
  • circumstance: I went out for a walk.

Morphological parsing of the verb example

To understand the scheme, we will carry out a written analysis of the morphology of the verb using the example of a sentence:

Somehow God sent the crow a piece of cheese ... (fable, I. Krylov)

Sent (what did you do?) - part of speech is a verb;

• initial form - send;
• permanent morphological features: perfect appearance, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: indicative mood, past tense, masculine, singular;

The following online sample of morphological parsing of a verb in a sentence:

What a silence, listen.

Listen (what do you do?) - verb;

• the initial form is to listen;
• morphological constant features: perfect form, intransitive, recurrent, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

A plan for morphological parsing of a verb online for free, based on an example from a whole paragraph:

He needs to be warned.

Don't, let him know another time how to break the rules.

What are the rules?

Wait, then I'll tell you. Has entered! ("The Golden Calf", I. Ilf)

Warn (what to do?) - verb;

• initial form - warn;
• morphological signs of the verb are constant: perfect form, transitive, irreversible, 1st conjugation;
• variable morphology of a part of speech: infinitive;
• syntactic function in a sentence: part of the predicate.

Let him know (what is he doing?) - part of speech is a verb;

• the initial form is to know;
• inconsistent verb morphology: imperative, singular, 3rd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Violate (what to do?) - the word is a verb;

• the initial form is to break;
• permanent morphological features: imperfect appearance, irreversible, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• non-permanent signs of the verb: infinitive (initial form);
• syntactic role in context: part of the predicate.

Wait (what do you do?) - part of speech is a verb;

• the initial form is to wait;
• permanent morphological features: perfect appearance, irreversible, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Came in (what did you do?) - verb;

• initial form - enter;
• permanent morphological features: perfect appearance, irreversible, intransitive, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: past tense, indicative mood, singular, masculine;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.