Acute cystitis in women treatment. Symptoms and treatment of acute cystitis. What helps to make a diagnosis

Cystitis in women is usually a chronic condition. A frivolous attitude towards this disease, self-treatment without consulting a doctor and conducting tests for cystitis can lead to the development of more serious diseases of the female genitourinary system.

Unfortunately, in reality, this happens in most cases. Suddenly, a woman begins to feel a burning sharp pain in the lower abdomen and in the lumbar region, discomfort and burning sensation when urinating. With cystitis, painful urges to the toilet become frequent, due to which you have to limit yourself in movement.
However, the woman is in no hurry to see a doctor. After all, getting to a urologist, and even urgently, is not so easy. And when, in addition to this, there are many other more important matters - family, career, constant chores - it becomes simply an impossible task to set aside a day for going to the doctor.

Therefore, a woman needs a reliable answer - what medications are best to take for cystitis, and how easy is it to cope with cystitis? There are several medicines in pharmacies for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the urinary system.

Of course, you need to understand that taking pills for cystitis on your own is an unsafe occupation. Without consulting a doctor, it is impossible to establish what is the cause of cystitis and what specific form of the disease we are dealing with. Cystitis can be a separate, uncomplicated concomitant disease. It can also manifest itself as a complex pathology of the organs of the female reproductive system, associated with an inflammatory process in the kidneys or various infections of the genital and urinary tract.

In chronic cystitis, the subsequent transformation of the cells of the epithelium of the bladder is very likely. This process can lead to the formation of benign cysts, which have the risk of subsequent malignancy, up to the development of bladder cancer.

• E. coli is considered the main cause of infectious cystitis. Failure to comply with sanitary and hygienic rules, the use of underwear made of unnatural fabrics of such a shape as thongs and tangas can provoke infection of the urinary canal with Escherichia coli.
• Quite often, cystitis occurs as a result of some genital infections.
• Cystitis can also manifest itself as a reaction to opportunistic microorganisms of the partner's flora and be caused by tissue damage during sexual intercourse (defloration option).

Medicines for cystitis

Even in the not very distant past, cystitis was not considered a pathology of bacterial origin. Therefore, antibacterial drugs were not included in the treatment for cystitis. The women treated their bladder inflammation with herbal remedies and diet. With the observance of the hygiene regimen, getting rid of the disease often occurred quickly and without any particular problems.

Unfortunately, in the modern world, cystitis in the acute phase is rarely cured to the end, allowing the disease to turn into a chronic form with infectious complications. In this case, the treatment of cystitis without antibiotic therapy is no longer possible.

Antibiotics

It is worth knowing that antibiotics are drugs that always have contraindications and a range of possible side effects. Before starting to take antibiotics for cystitis, it is advisable to conduct a urine test to establish an infectious agent, as well as conduct a study of the resistance of this bacterial strain to various types of antibiotics, as well as sensitivity to them. With granulation of the bladder tissue and with complicated cystitis, the doctor may prescribe a procedure for instilling the bladder with active silver preparations, such as, for example, collargol.

After carrying out antibiotic treatment, it is necessary to donate urine again for bacteriological culture to control the absence of pathogens.
The following drugs can be recommended for use in infectious cystitis:

• Monural is an antibiotic, the active ingredient of which is fosfomycin. The drug has an effective antibacterial effect against most infectious agents of the urinary system, therefore it can be prescribed without a urine test. Typically, Monural is available in the form of granules, but it can also be purchased in the form of a powder or suspension. The medicine is taken once and is not used for chronic cystitis, since in this case the patient needs prolonged therapy. The price of monural in retail pharmacies ranges from 350 to 500 rubles per package.
• Nolitsin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug. This antibiotic is a second generation fluoroquinolone. To date, norfloxacin-based drugs are considered one of the most effective antibiotics; they are usually prescribed in cases where the pathogen is resistant to other antibiotics. The drug has many analogues. It is available in the form of tablets, the price per pack varies from 130 to 300 rubles.
• Nitroxoline is a hydroxyquinoline derivative. An antibiotic that is effective against most types of bacteria as well as Candida-like fungi. It is prescribed for various diseases of the urinary system. Release form - tablets, the cost in pharmacies is 80-120 rubles.
• Palin belongs to antibiotics from the group of quinolones, the active substance is a derivative of pimidic acid. These tablets for cystitis can be used to treat both acute and chronic diseases of the urinary tract of infectious origin. The price per pack in retail pharmacies is 250-300 rubles.
• Furagin - the active ingredient of this antibiotic is derived from nitrofuran. A distinctive feature of the drug is the slowly developing resistance to furagin in microorganisms. The price is 130-400 rubles, the course of treatment lasts 7-10 days, depending on the severity of the disease.
• Nevigramon is a uroantiseptic agent based on nalidixic acid. The substance has a pronounced bactericidal effect, it is used both for infectious and inflammatory lesions of the kidneys, ureter and bladder. The cost of the drug is from 3000 to 4900 rubles for 56 capsules per package.
• Rulid belongs to macrolides. The medicine is a broad spectrum antibiotic, but it can also be used in the treatment of cystitis. The price per pack varies from 1200 to 1500 rubles.
• Furadonin is a drug with antimicrobial effect. It is used exclusively in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections of the urinary system. To achieve a stable effect, you must take the drug for at least 7 days. The cost of furadonin is 70-170 rubles.

Phytopreparations

Herbal preparations are often used to treat cystitis. In uncomplicated cases, with cystitis, non-infectious genesis, not burdened by diseases of the female reproductive system, treatment with phytopreparations has a pronounced positive effect. However, most often, herbal medicines are used in combination with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs. The most common herbal remedies are presented in this article.

• Urolesan is often recommended for the treatment of acute and chronic cystitis. Contains oils and extracts of six medicinal plants. It has antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antimicrobial effects. Studies have shown that in acute cystitis, the addition of Urolesan to antibiotic therapy significantly accelerates recovery and allows you to quickly get rid of symptoms such as pain and frequent urination. Urolesan is available in the form of drops and capsules for oral administration. The cost of the drug in the pharmacy is about 400 rubles.

• Cyston combines the action of aqueous extracts of many medicinal plants. The drug is a diuretic and nephrolithic, helps to gradually reduce the size of stones and reduce inflammation in the urinary tract. Cyston has a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect, suppresses the multiplication of microorganisms in the urinary canal, enhances the effect of taking antibiotics. Long-term use is required to achieve a pronounced effect. The cost of the drug in pharmacies is about 400 rubles.
• Lingonberry leaves contain many nutrients. The positive effect of lingonberry shoots and leaves on the urinary system is due to the high content of phenologlycosides. Taking a decoction of lingonberry leaves helps to reduce inflammation in the body, has an antiseptic and antibacterial effect. Due to the high content of phytoncides, the phytopreparation is active against Staphylococcus aureus. The broth can be used during pregnancy (after consulting a doctor). The cost is 40-50 rubles, it is believed that crushed dry raw materials are more effective than packaged in filter bags.
• Monurel (cranberry extract). Perhaps the most famous natural remedy for cystitis is cranberry juice. For its pronounced antimicrobial effect, cranberries are popularly called a natural antibiotic. Cranberries in the form of fruit drink or extract are widely used to prevent the recurrence and exacerbation of chronic cystitis. The tannins contained in this berry in high concentration prevent microorganisms from attaching to the walls of the bladder. Monurel is a highly concentrated cranberry extract, the drug is available in the form of tablets, a long course of administration is recommended. The price is about 500 rubles. Monurel and Monural are not the same thing. Monurel is a herbal remedy based on cranberries, Monural belongs to broad-spectrum antibiotics

• Kanephron is a medicinal product based on extracts of 4 plants: rose hips, centaury, rosemary and lovage. It is an active diuretic. Canephron actively promotes relaxation of smooth muscles, thereby relieving acute pain in diseases of the urinary system. Also has antimicrobial effect, increases the effectiveness of antibiotics. The medicine can be purchased in the form of pills or in solution, the cost will be from 390 to 470 rubles.
• Phytolysin paste is a diuretic based on extracts of all kinds of medicinal plants. The rich composition provides the drug with an anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effect. Phytolysin activates the process of dissolution of mineral salts in the bladder and prevents the formation of stones. The paste is dissolved in a little water. This solution is taken orally. The course of treatment is at least 2 weeks. A tube of ointment weighing 100 grams will cost about 450-500 rubles in pharmacies.

Concomitant therapy

An important condition for effective treatment of diseases of the genitourinary system is the complexity of therapy. It is necessary to combine antibiotic therapy with supportive and restorative therapy with phytopreparations. In addition to the two main components in the treatment of cystitis, concomitant drugs are also used to symptomatically alleviate the patient's condition.

First of all, this is the use of antispasmodics. At the time of acute pain, it is necessary to use vasodilating drugs that have a relaxing effect on smooth muscles. All antispasmodics effectively deal with severe pain spasms, bringing quick relief and relief from pain.

The list of antispasmodics is extremely wide; any medication designed to relieve spasms and pain can be used for symptomatic relief.
The most popular antispasmodics include:

• Drotaverin (No-Shpa)
• Buscopan
• Pentalgin
• Papaverine
• Spasmomen
• Trigan

Often, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) based on ibuprofen are used for cystitis. This group of drugs, in combination with therapy, helps to relieve signs of inflammation, which significantly speeds up the healing process. The undoubted advantage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is the fact that they do not in any way affect the consciousness and performance of a person. The use of these drugs provides quick relief of the patient's physical condition and allows you to quickly get in shape.

After antibiotic therapy, restorative procedures are necessary. In particular, after the treatment of cystitis, it is necessary to restore the microflora of the female genital organs and the gastrointestinal tract. To solve this problem, various probiotic preparations are used. The spectrum of probiotics on the pharmaceutical market is extremely wide. The most popular medicines for the restoration of microflora are Hilak Forte, Acipol, Bifiform, Linex and others.

It is important to remember that after therapy, it is necessary to monitor the state of the urinary system in order to avoid relapses. It is also recommended to consult a gynecologist and gastroenterologist, since, often, disturbances in these body systems can provoke inflammatory or infectious cystitis.

In most cases, chronic forms of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary sphere are the result of a non-professional approach to therapy. The disease cannot be eliminated if the symptoms and treatment of cystitis in women do not coincide. The drugs that television advertisements impose bring only temporary relief, and after a certain time the disease comes back again.

The only way to get rid of cystitis is to establish the cause of the development of the disease and undergo a full course of treatment under the supervision of a professional urologist.

In medicine, the term "cystitis" unites several types of symptomatic urinary pathologies, in which the mucous membrane of the bladder is damaged. Due to the anatomical features of the body, women suffer from cystitis several times more often than men.

The work of the bladder is associated with all physiological systems, therefore, functional abnormalities in the internal organs, one way or another, affect the health of the woman's urogenital sphere.

The development of the inflammatory process may be preceded by:

• viral or bacterial infections - flu, tonsillitis, sinusitis, staphylococcus, Trichomonas, Escherichia coli, caries, furunculosis;
• hypothermia;
• allergic reaction;
• changes in hormonal levels during menstruation, pregnancy, menopause;
• acquired diseases - diabetes mellitus, colitis, spinal injuries, nephrological and endocrine pathologies, tumor formations;
• taking medicines;
• decreased immunity;
• anomaly in the development of the organs of the genitourinary system;
• insufficient hygiene of the genitals;
• acute forms of cystitis most often occur against the background of stagnation in the urinary system.

The ways of penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the bladder also differ. In diseases of the ENT organs, the infection spreads through the body through the blood. In diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, microbes enter the genitourinary organs from the anus. Due to nephrological pathologies, infectious agents move from the kidneys along with urine.

Factors contributing to the development of cystitis include wearing tight synthetic underwear, a tendency to constipation, frequent change of sexual partners, subject to unprotected sex, as well as conditions that reduce the potential of the immune system - stress, lack of sleep, excessive exercise, irregular nutrition.

The main symptoms and signs of the disease

The development of cystitis can be acute or with gradually increasing symptoms. The characteristic signs of acute cystitis are cramps and pain when urinating.

But as the disease progresses, symptoms such as are also added:

• discomfort in the genital area and pubic area;
• itching and burning in the perineum - the result of irritating effects of toxic substances accumulated in the urine;
• frequent urge to urinate;
• pain in the lower abdomen and back, a feeling of fullness;
• headache;
• increased fatigue;
• slight increase in body temperature;
• cloudy urine;
• sharp unpleasant smell of urine;
• feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
• the appearance of blood in the urine may indicate the development of complications.

Cystitis of an allergic or infectious nature is accompanied by itching in 95% of cases.

Complications of the disease

Due to its high prevalence (the pathology is diagnosed in 40% of women in the world), the severity of the consequences of cystitis is often underestimated.

With proper treatment, provided that there are no reasons supporting the course of the pathology, the symptoms of acute cystitis go away, and the woman's well-being improves markedly. If the necessary therapeutic effect is absent, the disease takes on a chronic form of the course, which is fraught with severe health complications.

Chronic cystitis is characterized by the defeat of most of the mucous membrane of the bladder. At the same time, edema and thickening appear in the affected areas, against the background of a decrease in the elasticity of the epithelium.

The progress of the pathological process leads to complications that threaten the health of vital organs and systems:

• in 95% of cases, kidney disease occurs - pyelonephritis, renal failure;
• organic change in the tissues of the bladder is fraught with rupture of its walls and the development of peritonitis;
• frequent inflammation is one of the main reasons for the formation of adhesions;
• decreased reproductive function, the danger of complete loss of fertility;
• urethritis;
• tumor processes;
• the formation of ulcers on the walls of the bladder, bleeding;
• urolithiasis disease;
• muscle damage and loss of tone of the tissues of the bladder, which leads to its dysfunction and urinary incontinence.

In the body of a woman during her life there are periods when the predisposition to the development of cystitis is associated with natural physiological changes.

Periods of vulnerability to cystitis in a woman's life

The first critical period occurs before the age of three. At this age, children with congenital urinary tract pathologies may develop vesicoureteral reflux, in which urine returns from the bladder back to the kidneys. The consequence of the pathology is vulvovaginitis and ascending infection of the bladder.

Puberty is the second, important period in a woman's life in terms of the degree of susceptibility to cystitis. The hormonal changes inherent in puberty are added to the risk of infection during unprotected sex.

Menopause is manifested not only in a decrease in hormonal levels in the female body, but also in a drop in the protective properties of the bladder mucosa, as well as in a change in its anatomical position. All these changes contribute to the development of urinary tract inflammation and other pathologies inherent in cystitis.

Diagnostic measures

Medical examination of patients with suspected cystitis involves not only confirming the diagnosis, but also determining the underlying disease that provoked inflammation of the bladder mucosa.

Along with the study of anamnestic data and symptoms of the disease, urologists use the following diagnostic measures:

• general urine analysis;
• general blood analysis;
• cystoscopy - examination of the bladder through an endoscope;
• analysis of the composition of the vaginal microflora;
• Ultrasound of the genitourinary system;
• PCR - molecular research method;
• bacterial culture of urine.

In some cases, to make a diagnosis, doctors use information obtained by biopsy - a microscopic examination of samples of affected tissues.

Medicines for the full course of treatment of the disease

Treatment of cystitis consists in eliminating not only inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder, but also the diseases that support them. The choice of therapeutic methods and means depends on the form of the disease and associated pathological processes.

To relieve the symptoms of an acute form of cystitis, the patient is prescribed bed rest, a special diet, heating pads, as well as antispasmodic, antibacterial and diuretic drugs.

The minimum course of treatment for acute cystitis is 7 days. An interrupted course of treatment is one of the main reasons for the development of a chronic form of cystitis.

Antibacterial drugs

The appointment of antibacterial drugs is appropriate for cystitis, the causative agent of which is bacteria.

Among the most effective antibacterial agents:

• Monural- antibiotic based on fosfomycin. Available in the form of granules. It is taken once for the acute form of cystitis;
• Palin- tablets for cystitis and other, acute or chronic infections of the urinary system. Belongs to the quinolone group. The active substance is pipemidic acid;
• Furagin is a popular nitrofuran-based antibiotic. Relevant when exposed to bacteria, the sensitivity of which in Furaginu has been proven by sowing;
• Nolitsin (analogues Norbactin, Normaks)- antibiotic reserve drug. It is prescribed if the use of other drugs does not provide a therapeutic effect. The active ingredient is norfloxacin from the group of fluoroquinols;
• Nitroxoline- a medicine from the group of oxyquinolines. Differs in activity against most bacteria and Candida fungi;
• Furadonin- antimicrobial agent that suppresses the activity of bacterial infections. The use of tablets is also appropriate as a prophylactic agent for diseases of the urinary tract.

Taking any antibacterial drugs is possible only as directed by a doctor. Despite the high therapeutic efficacy, modern drugs have many contraindications and can cause unwanted side reactions.

Antispasmodics

Means with antispasmodic properties are an indispensable component of restorative and maintenance therapy for cystitis.

The most popular antispasmodics are: No-Shpa, Papaverin, Drotaverin. The action of antispasmodic drugs is expressed in the elimination of spasm of the smooth muscles of the bladder and the effect of relaxation, relieving pain.

Reception of antispasmodics is appropriate both for acute forms of cystitis and for relapses of chronic infections.

Anti-inflammatory pills

To relieve inflammation of the bladder mucosa with cystitis, it is recommended to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - Ibuprofen, Nurofen, Diclofenac, Nemesil. Along with the elimination of inflammatory processes, drugs of this group provide an analgesic effect, relieving pain and discomfort inherent in pathology.

Phytopreparations

The use of herbal remedies is an effective way to enhance the effect of drug therapy. Herbal remedies are based on natural plant components with biological activity.

Urolesan- an agent providing antiseptic, antispasmodic and diuretic action. Available in the form of capsules, syrup or drops.

Cyston- tablets based on plant extracts with nephrolytic and antimicrobial properties.

Phytolysin- paste based on orange and fir oils. It has a diuretic, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effect. Prevents the development of urolithiasis.

Reception of phytopreparations is most effective in the initial stage of the development of cystitis.

Probiotics

As a result of exposure to infectious microorganisms, and after taking antibiotics, a decrease in the activity of beneficial microflora may be observed.

To maintain the natural physiological level of the microflora of the intestinal mucous membranes and genitals, it is necessary to use probiotics - food supplements containing live cultures of microorganisms.

Among the popular remedies with probiotic action are Linex, Hilak Forte and Bifiform.

Treatment of the chronic form of the disease

To get rid of the chronic form of the disease, it is necessary to diagnose all potential foci of infection and provide comprehensive therapy that suppresses the vital activity of pathogens and its consequences.

The main methods of treatment for chronic cystitis:

• etiological therapy is aimed at eliminating the causative agent of the infection and consists in taking antibacterial drugs;
• pathogenetic therapy allows you to restore the functions of the immune system, normalize hormonal levels and eliminate structural pathologies of internal organs. The main objectives of therapy are to restore the natural outflow of urine and eliminate all possible foci of infection. Treatment includes taking immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory drugs, and in some cases, and surgical correction;
• disease prevention - a set of measures to prevent the possibility of recurrence of the infection.

As additional therapeutic measures, physiotherapy is prescribed - electrophoresis, electrical tissue stimulation, laser exposure, as well as special gymnastics that normalizes blood circulation in the pelvic organs.

Folk remedies for cystitis in women

The list of folk remedies recommended for the treatment of cystitis includes well-known and affordable herbal remedies: a decoction of dill seeds, an infusion of millet, teas, infusions and baths from pharmacy chamomile, an infusion of parsley seeds, and also teas from St. John's wort.

In addition, lingonberry leaves and cranberries are considered a constant component of home treatment for cystitis.

Due to its unique composition, the lingonberry leaf provides a complex therapeutic effect on the organs of the genitourinary sphere - antimicrobial, diuretic and anti-inflammatory. Lingonberry leaf tea is prepared according to the recipe for making ordinary tea leaves. I take this tea three times a day, half a glass.

Drinking cranberry-based drinks provides a powerful healing effect.

Thanks to the cranberry proanthocyanidins, berry tea:

• suppresses the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms;
• prevents the settling of pathogens on the walls of the urinary system;
• relieves inflammation;
• protects the body from fungi and microbes;
• enhances the elasticity of blood vessels;
• has an immunomodulatory effect.

To prepare a healing drink, use a fresh or frozen stick. The berries are crushed, poured with boiled water and kept in a steam bath for 10 minutes. Two cups of the drink a day with the addition of honey in record time will improve your well-being and health.

Nutrition and microflora

The correct organization of nutrition during the treatment of cystitis is of particular importance. From what types of foods will be present in the diet, it depends on how quickly it will be possible to relieve inflammation and start the restoration of damaged tissues of the bladder.

In addition, a properly organized diet supports the functionality of the microflora that lives on the mucous membranes of the internal organs. This ensures the elimination and removal of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as the normalization of recovery processes.

The therapeutic diet is based on specially selected foods and drinking regimen.

It is imperative that your diet is in accordance with the following principles:

• all foods consumed must have diuretic properties;
• the amount of salt consumed must be reduced to a minimum;
• exclude the menu of spicy, fatty, fried, smoked, sweet and dairy dishes, as well as preservation;
• limit the consumption of foods containing protein;
• when preparing dishes, you should limit yourself to minimal heat treatment;
• spirits and alcohol are completely excluded;
• the total volume of liquid drunk per day is at least two liters.

From drinks, one should give preference to herbal teas and fruit drinks from cranberries and lingonberries.

Prevention of cystitis

The predisposition to the disease remains throughout the life of a woman who has at least once had cystitis.

Preventive measures will help prevent relapse:

• timely treatment of any ailments;
• minimizing stress;
• compliance with the rules of personal hygiene;
• taking a shower is preferable to a bath;
• regular visits to the gynecologist and urologist, tests;
• compliance with the drinking regime.

In the summertime, it is important not to miss the opportunity to flush out the kidneys and bladder by consuming more watermelons.

And most importantly, you should not sacrifice health to beauty and always dress for the weather, especially in spring and autumn - their warmth is deceiving, and the risk of getting sick is too high.

Women of all ages are faced with pathologies of the genitourinary system.

Most often, the body is occupied by acute cystitis, the treatment of which often takes a lot of time and effort.

In order for the treatment to bring a 100% positive result, at the first signs of the disease, it is necessary to consult a specialist.

Acute cystitis in women not only causes constant discomfort, but can also develop into life-threatening complications. If therapeutic measures are not taken in a timely manner, this pathology can develop into, the treatment of which can take a very long time.

Disease manifestations

All kinds of infections can precede the acute form. Among them: staphylococci, streptococci, chlamydia, Escherichia coli, fungi, etc. Ordinary hypothermia or non-observance of hygiene rules can also cause pathology.

An injured bladder is a favorable habitat for pathogens. At risk are also fans of exhausting diets, which weaken the body's defenses and often provoke an acute form of cystitis.

Acute cystitis occurs in two forms:

• primary- develops due to hypothermia, infection in the bladder, allergies or diabetes mellitus;
• secondary- affects people who have spinal cord injuries, impaired urine patency. Also, the cause of the pathology can be a tumor or stones in the genitourinary system. Diffuse

According to the degree of distribution, there are:

• diffuse;

Acute cystitis is classified into the following types:

1. hemorrhagic- is an inflammatory reaction of the bladder wall caused by infection. Typical signs of this type of disease: urine with a strong unpleasant odor, which comes out with blood. This is due to the fact that there is an aggressive effect on the mucous membrane. The permeability of the walls of blood vessels increases and blood is in the urine;
2. ray- nothing more than an adverse reaction to radiation therapy. Often, the mucous membrane of the bladder is damaged during irradiation;
3. interstitial Is an inflammation of the bladder that is not caused by an infection. The main signs of this type of pathology: discomfort during urination, a decrease in the bladder leads to pain in the process of filling it;
4. sexual- occurs as a result of sexual intercourse, changes in the microflora of the vagina or when infected with sexually transmitted diseases;
5. postcoital- occurs due to the penetration of Escherichia coli, mycoplasma and other pathogens into the bladder;
6. cervical- causes urinary incontinence due to inflammation of the bladder neck;
7. cystitis "honeymoon"- often affects young women. This type is associated with a change in microflora during frequent intimacy with a partner and its throwing through the urethra into the bladder. This stress causes the bladder to become inflamed.

In the acute form of cystitis, two changes in the hollow organ are possible:

• catarrhal (inflammation of the mucous membrane). The epithelium of the walls swells and turns red, the urinary vessels are dilated;
• hemorrhagic (mucosal bleeding)... Due to the increased permeability of blood vessels, erythrocytes sweat, causing the urine to turn pink or dirty brown. This means that from an acute form, the disease turned into a hemorrhagic one.

If a pathology is detected, you should not postpone treatment until later. A negligent attitude towards one's body can provoke the development of a chronic form of cystitis. And it is not always possible to completely cure it.

Symptoms

Acute cystitis is an infectious disease of the urinary tract without their structural and functional changes.

Symptoms of acute cystitis are indicated by the following:

• sharp pains in the lower abdomen;
• constant need to empty the bladder;
• pain and burning during urination;
• foul-smelling, with blood particles;
• slight increase in temperature;
• lack of appetite;
• constant fatigue;
• nausea, sometimes vomiting;
• discomfort in the pelvic area;
• colic in the anal area;
• inability to completely empty the bladder;
• pain and aches in the lower back.

If at least two of the above symptoms appear, it is necessary to undergo an urgent examination by a therapist, urologist and gynecologist. Such deterioration in well-being can signal an acute inflammatory process in the bladder.

In case of detection of an acute form of cystitis, you should immediately begin to fulfill the doctor's prescriptions. In this way, pathology in the developmental stage can be defeated.

Treatment

Acute inflammatory process in the bladder has a considerable number of forms and reasons for development. Each of them needs a different approach to treatment. Therefore, it is especially important when making a diagnosis to find out the cause of the pathology, then the treatment will bring the best result.

Treatment of pathology is aimed at quickly eliminating the causes and restoring the full functioning of the bladder. Only a doctor can recommend any treatment. Drug therapy is often combined with folk remedies, which allows for early healing.

The main therapeutic measures for the treatment of acute cystitis include:

1. special diet (excluded spicy, peppery, sour and too salty food);
2. antibiotics: "Tsiprolet 500 mg", etc. Antibiotics are selected individually, depending on the course of the disease and the characteristics of the patient's body;
3. antispasmodics: "No-shpa", "Trigan - D" and others;
4. anti-inflammatory drugs: Nurofen, Diclofenac, etc .;
5. drugs that raise immunity;
6. with a bacterial form, "Monural" is excellent.

In addition to the above, physiotherapy is widely used: mud baths, warming up, infrared irradiation and other therapeutic measures help to achieve the fastest results.

There are many folk remedies for the treatment of acute cystitis. But, despite the positive reviews, you should first consult with your doctor about its harmlessness. Since this pathology manifests itself for various reasons, it is treated individually for each patient.

How to relieve pain?

If the painful symptoms of the disease have overtaken at home, you can cope with them in the following ways:

1. put a warm heating pad between your legs or on your stomach;
2. very slowly drink a glass of water and soda;
3. drink 2 tablets of "Furadonin" and drink more. It will become easier after the first trip to the toilet;
4. drink 2 tablets "No-shpa", apply candles "Diclofenac", tablets "Spazmalgon", etc .;
5. if there is no blood in the urine, you need to sit in a warm bath for 20 minutes.

During an attack of acute pain, you should refrain from taking antibacterial drugs. Such means can distort the picture of the course of pathology at the time of diagnostic procedures.

Even if you managed to quickly relieve the pain, you need to get an appointment with a specialist as soon as possible in order to avoid dangerous complications.

Acute hemorrhagic cystitis

Hemorrhagic cystitis is understood as an inflammatory process that occurs in the inner lining of the bladder and is characterized by the development of hematuria (excretion of blood in the urine).

In milder forms of the disease, the blood gives the urine a pinkish tint, in severe forms it is dirty brown.

Signs of hemorrhagic cystitis are the same signs that are characteristic of normal cystitis.

The main difference between these two types of cystitis is the presence of blood in the urine. In simple terms, it is called cystitis with blood at the end of urination.

In addition to those listed earlier, the disease is accompanied by the following symptoms:

1. fever;
2. chills;
3. fatigue and weakness;
4. headache.

If this dangerous disease is not treated, it can provoke life-threatening complications (blockage of urinary tract blood clots, severe anemia, etc.)

For treatment, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and detoxification drugs are prescribed, the introduction of intravenous saline solutions and plenty of drinking.

In case of symptoms of acute inflammation of the bladder, you should not prescribe treatment yourself. Thus, the pathology can not be cured, but aggravated by distorting its course. Under the influence of strong drugs, the general picture of the disease changes. And even a qualified specialist can make an inaccurate diagnosis.

In case of acute cystitis, a visit to a doctor and the fulfillment of all requirements will give a 100% cure rate.

Related Videos

An interesting and most understandable video explaining what acute cystitis is and how to properly treat it:

Acute cystitis is an inflammatory process, mainly of an infectious origin, localized in the mucous membrane of the bladder and clinically manifested by frequent and painful urination, low-grade fever, the appearance of blood or pus in the urine.

Acute cystitis is one of the most common urological diseases.

Acute cystitis is an inflammation of the lining of the bladder

Causes and risk factors

The infection enters the bladder mainly ascending (through the urethra) or descending (from the kidneys). Much less often, pathogenic microorganisms enter the bladder by the hematogenous route, that is, they are brought in with the blood flow from the source of the primary infection, or by contact through the wall of the bladder.

Against the background of the inflammatory process, the blood vessels of the bladder wall expand, their permeability increases. The mucous membrane becomes hyperemic and swells. Subsequently, in the focus of inflammation, erythrocyte sweating occurs, which leads to hemorrhagic phenomena. In a severe form of the disease, inflammation can also spread to the deeper layers of the bladder.

Most often, the development of acute cystitis is caused by gram-negative microbial flora (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus). Gram-positive microorganisms (staphylococci, proteus), as well as microbial associations, cause inflammation in about 20% of cases.

Predisposing factors for the development of acute cystitis are parainfluenza, herpes and adenovirus infections, which cause disturbances in the innervation and blood supply of the bladder wall, which creates favorable conditions for the development of bacterial flora.

Normally, a person's urinary tract is constantly cleared by a stream of urine. In addition, the cells of the uroepithelium synthesize a special substance of mucopolysaccharide nature, which covers the inner surface of the bladder, thereby protecting it from infection. The production of a protective substance is regulated, among other things, by female sex hormones - progesterone and estrogen. It is in connection with the change in the level of these hormones in women that acute cystitis is more common in the postmenopausal period.

Any damage to the protective mucous layer creates the prerequisites for the development of acute cystitis. Such damage can be caused by:

• trauma to the inner layer of the bladder (urethroscopy, cystoscopy, bladder catheterization);
• violations of urodynamics, i.e., the correct flow of urine (neurogenic bladder);
• metabolic diseases, accompanied by the development of crystalluria;
• exposure to ionizing radiation, aggressive chemical and toxic substances;
• decrease in general and local immunity due to frequent viral infections, hypovitaminosis conditions.

In girls and women, acute cystitis most often develops against the background of vaginal dysbiosis (dysbiosis) or as a result of violation of the rules of personal hygiene. The development of acute cystitis in men and boys is often associated with the presence of anatomical and functional pathology (phimosis, urethral stenosis, neurogenic dysfunction, diverticulum or bladder neck stenosis).

An important role in the pathological mechanism of the development of the disease is played by stagnation of blood in the small pelvis.

With a predisposition to acute cystitis, it is recommended to introduce cranberry juice into the daily diet, since cranberries contain benzoic acid, an antiseptic that is excreted in the urine.

Forms of the disease

In accordance with the clinical picture, catarrhal and hemorrhagic acute cystitis are distinguished. The hemorrhagic form of the disease is characterized by micro- or macrohematuria (an admixture of blood in the urine).

By the degree of spread of the inflammatory process:

• focal (trigonitis, cervical);
• total (diffuse).

Depending on the type of pathogen:

• specific (tuberculous, gonorrheal, chlamydial, trichomonas);
• nonspecific.

The risk of developing specific acute cystitis in men and women increases with active sexual activity with frequent changes in sexual partners.

Symptoms of acute cystitis

The clinical picture of acute cystitis is very bright, it is characterized by:

• imperative (suddenly arising, strongest, often with the impossibility of restraining) urge to urinate;
• excretion of urine (miction) in small portions;
• pain and cramps that occur at the end of the act of urination;
• terminal hematuria (an admixture of blood that appears in the urine towards the end of urination);
• change in the transparency and color of urine (cloudy, sometimes with a reddish tint);
• pain, sometimes very intense, in the bladder, anus, perineum.

In acute cystitis, the urge to urinate occurs even when a small amount of urine (less than 150 ml) has accumulated in the bladder, which is due to reflex contraction of the detrusor. The frequency of urination is determined by the severity of the inflammatory process and can go up to 3-4 times per hour.

Symptoms of acute cystitis with localization of the pathological process in the bladder neck:

• acute constant pain radiating to the glans penis, anus;
• acute reflex urinary retention caused by spasm of the pelvic floor muscles and the external sphincter under the influence of intense painful irritation.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of acute cystitis is based on the characteristic clinical manifestations of the disease. The diagnosis is confirmed by the results of laboratory and instrumental examination, including:

• general urine analysis (bacteriuria, leukocyturia, erythrocyturia, a significant amount of mucus and squamous epithelial cells are characteristic);
• bacteriological examination of urine - allows you to identify the causative agent of the disease, as well as determine its sensitivity to antibacterial drugs;
• a general blood test (with an uncomplicated course of acute cystitis, changes are usually not detected, the analysis is carried out in order to determine the general state of health and detect possible concomitant pathology);
• Ultrasound of the bladder against the background of physiological filling (an echo-negative suspension is found in the cavity of the bladder, a thickening of the inner walls of the organ);
• urodynamic examination (performed with complicated acute cystitis and is aimed at identifying possible neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder);
• examination of the secretion of the prostate gland, bacteriological culture of discharge from the urethra, ultrasound of the prostate gland (with acute cystitis in men).
• gynecological examination, microscopy and bacteriological examination of discharge from the vagina, urethra and cervical canal, PCR studies for sexually transmitted diseases (with acute cystitis in women).

Acute cystitis is one of the most common urological diseases.

After the acute inflammatory process subsides, cystography and cystoscopy are performed in order to clarify the cause of the disease.

Acute cystitis requires differential diagnosis with urolithiasis and tumors of the bladder, acute paraproctitis, acute appendicitis, acute pyelonephritis.

Treatment of acute cystitis

In acute cystitis, the patient is assigned to bed rest, a sparing milk-vegetable diet and plenty of drinking (2.5-3 liters of liquid per day). Sexual life is excluded for the entire period of therapy. For the treatment to be successful, it is important to have a daily bowel movement.

In the treatment of acute cystitis, local thermal procedures (warm sitz baths with decoctions of herbs, dry heat on the bladder area) are widely used, which help to reduce the symptoms of the disease. However, hot baths and flushing of the bladder in the acute phase are strictly contraindicated.

Medical treatment of acute cystitis consists in the use of antibacterial, uroseptic, antihistamines and pain relievers. Antibacterial drugs are prescribed taking into account the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics. Until the results of bacteriological research are obtained, broad-spectrum antibiotics are used, which are mainly excreted in the urine, as well as preparations of the nitrofuran series. For example, Macmiror - its active ingredient, nifuratel, has a pronounced antibacterial effect, and is also effective against fungi and protozoa. In the treatment of cystitis, especially recurrent cystitis, a single use of an antibiotic is not enough, since pathogenic microorganisms quickly develop resistance. For example, intestinal bacteria e. coli, most often responsible for exacerbation of cystitis, has acquired resistance to many types of antibiotics. As a result, the dosage of antibiotics has to be constantly increased. The drug McMiror belongs to the category of antimicrobial agents with antibacterial, antifungal and antiprotozoal effects, and microbes have practically no resistance to it.

In case of recurrent cystitis, an examination by a gynecologist is recommended and, if vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis are detected, local vaginal capsules Macmiror Complex should be used together with an antimicrobial drug inside. This increases the efficiency and speed of healing.

And the fact that untreated gynecological infections can affect the frequency of recurrence of cystitis is a fact proven in medicine.

For uncomplicated acute cystitis in adults, Monural or fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin) are used, and in children, nalidixic acid, cephalosporins (Ceftibuten, Cefaclor, Cefuroxime) or Ampiox. The choice of antibiotic is carried out strictly by the attending physician. Antibiotic therapy lasts 7-10 days.

The treatment regimen for acute cystitis can be supplemented by taking herbal remedies. Pharmacy preparations from medicinal herbs with anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, tanning and diuretic effects are recommended.

After the relief of symptoms of acute cystitis, physiotherapeutic procedures are prescribed (inductothermy, UHF, electrophoresis, magnetic and / or laser therapy).

Potential consequences and complications

The most common complications of acute cystitis are:

• the transition of inflammation to a chronic form, characterized by a persistent course, resistant to therapy, with periods of remission and exacerbations;
• interstitial cystitis - the inflammatory process affects not only the mucous membrane, but also the deeper layers of the bladder wall (submucosal, muscular);
• paracystitis - the exit of the inflammatory process outside the bladder with damage to the surrounding fiber;
• cystalgia - painful and frequent urination, not accompanied by the development of pyuria (often develops in women);
• acute pyelonephritis - an infection from the bladder through the ureters enters the kidneys, causing inflammation in them;
• gangrenous cystitis is a serious complication that threatens rupture of the bladder and the development of peritonitis.

In girls and women, acute cystitis most often develops against the background of vaginal dysbiosis (dysbiosis) or as a result of violation of the rules of personal hygiene.

Forecast

The mucous membrane of the bladder has a high regenerative capacity, therefore, provided that treatment is started on time, in most cases, acute cystitis ends with full recovery within 7-14 days. The prognosis worsens with the development of complications.

Prophylaxis

Prevention of acute cystitis includes the following measures:

• regular emptying of the bladder to prevent urinary stagnation;
• correct water regime, providing sufficient diuresis (1-1.5 liters per day);
• compliance with the rules of personal hygiene;
• adequate and timely treatment of genital infections and other infectious diseases;
• increasing the general immunity of the body (proper nutrition, rejection of bad habits and promiscuous sex life, playing sports, adherence to the daily regimen);
• the most gentle and gentle execution of urological operations and manipulations on the bladder.

With a predisposition to acute cystitis, it is recommended to introduce cranberry juice into the daily diet, since cranberries contain benzoic acid, an antiseptic that is excreted in the urine.

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The inflammatory process that occurs in the bladder cavity is called cystitis. Among diseases of the genitourinary system, it is the most common. Women especially often suffer from this pathology. Cystitis for the first time makes itself felt in an acute form. If the disease is left untreated or poorly treated, it quickly becomes chronic.

The causes and conditions for the onset of the disease constitute the contents of various classifiers that facilitate the diagnosis.

The diagnosis is based on all the constituent positions of the classification. For example, it sounds like this: primary acute allergic cystitis, focal localization, hemorrhagic. This already makes it possible to more accurately judge the state of the bladder.

The disease is almost always infectious. In this case, its causative agents will be:

• bacteria;
• viruses;
• fungi.

Ways of infection in the bladder:

• Ascending - from the urethra and anogenital zone.
• Descending - from the kidneys and ureters.
• Lymphogenous - from closely spaced pelvic organs.
• Contact - penetration through the bladder wall from the zone of inflammation.

Acute cystitis and its symptoms in women

Acute cystitis affects the mucous layer of the bladder cavity. The clinical picture depends on the nature of the course of the disease.

Symptoms of acute cystitis in women:

• The urge to empty the bladder is imperative and frequent. They happen in 10-30 minutes, depending on the severity of the inflammation.
• Urination takes place in small portions. At the end of the act, it is accompanied by pain and cuts.
• Accession of terminal hematuria - bleeding from the urethra.
• Soreness in the lower abdomen, in the pubis, perineum, anus.
• Turbid urine, sediment in it, sometimes with an admixture of pus, blood.
• Urinary incontinence.

The reasons for the development of the acute form

The cause of acute cystitis is the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the bladder. The very environment of the organ is aggressive towards infection. It is especially good if the urine is acidic. Alkaline urine is more malleable for the activation of infectious agents.

The inner cavity of the bag contains mucopolysaccharide secretion, which prevents harmful elements from penetrating into the wall. They are regularly washed out with the outflow of urine from a healthy person.

A number of reasons disrupt the natural flora in the bladder. An attack of an acute form of cystitis can overtake a woman with hypothermia. It reduces the body's defenses. Immunity loses its ability to destroy pathogens. As a result, an acute form of the disease.

Pathology occurs in a contingent of any age. A girl, a girl, a mature woman, after sitting for about 20 minutes on a cold surface, or severely freezing in the pelvic area and extremities, "will start" cystitis. It is also called "short skirt disease".

There are other reasons influencing the development of the inflammatory process in the bladder. They pay less attention to them, and perhaps not every woman knows about it.

The following factors increase the risk of disease:

Possible complications in women

Cystitis forms very rapidly. Therefore, treatment should be prescribed as quickly as possible. Otherwise, its dire consequences may develop. Long-term neglect of therapy creates conditions for changes in the structure and shape of the bladder.

There are signs of a decrease in the elasticity of the walls. They don't stretch properly. This leads to a decrease in the volume of the organ. The frequency of going to the toilet increases dramatically and is accompanied by urinary incontinence. Pathology causes a number of other diseases of organs close to the bladder.

Known effects of cystitis in women:

• Pyelonephritis. The infection involves the kidneys, one or both.
• Interstitial cystitis. Its danger is in the defeat of the muscular layer of the bladder cavity, manifested by scars, a decrease in the elasticity of the walls. This provokes urinary incontinence.
• Hemorrhagic cystitis is accompanied by an admixture of blood in the urine.
• Paracystitis, the essence of which is the defeat of the pelvic tissue.
• Salpingitis and adnexitis - pathology of the fallopian tubes and uterus is also the result of the consequences of inflammation in the bladder.

Acute inflammation in pregnant women

Acute cystitis when carrying a child has an objective origin. Pregnancy provokes a woman's illness. Her hormones are changing. The immune system is suppressed to prevent embryo rejection.

Weak immunity has a beneficial effect on the opportunistic flora, allows it to activate and multiply, while causing inflammation of the bladder.

Symptoms of cystitis during pregnancy are the same as those of an ordinary woman. But the diagnosis and treatment are of a differential nature, selected by the doctor individually for each patient.

• Thanks to the development of medicine, remedies have been found for the healing of pregnant women. Antibiotics and herbal preparations appeared in everyday life. They do not harm the health of the mother and child. Such medicines can be taken only with the permission of the doctor and according to his scheme. There are herbs that are contraindicated in pregnant women and can cause miscarriage.

In practice, 2 drugs are used more often than others:

• "Monural". Safe when used correctly for mother and baby. It is enough to take one sachet, and you can get a positive result almost immediately.
• "Amoxiclav". Due to the fact that sometimes it does not provide the desired result, it is limited in admission. The most effective Monurel on this list is a cranberry-based extract. The berry is recognized as a folk antibiotic.

The following method of healing has a fairly strong therapeutic effect: filling the bladder with medicine (instillation). For example, it can be a preparation of active silver. It acts in a localized manner. After 5 procedures, a complete cure is possible.

When breastfeeding, an attack of cystitis requires the same careful selection of medications by a doctor.

What helps to make a diagnosis

The preliminary diagnosis, made by a descriptive model of cystitis, is clarified by laboratory and instrumental studies. The following procedures are used:

• general urine analysis;
• establishing the susceptibility of a pathogen to antibiotics;
• culture of urine to identify the pathogen;
• ultrasound or echographic examination, radiography of the pelvic organs;
• experts determine: whether the pathogen has a specific nature of the infection, which is sexually transmitted.

Conclusion: to treat cystitis at home is to harm yourself.

How to treat acute cystitis in women

Treatment of acute cystitis in women, started in a timely manner, has a good prognosis, promising a complete recovery. It must be comprehensive:

An adult patient can choose a medication with little side effect. For children, you need to look at the manufacturer's annotations to determine if the tablets are allowed to be used in infancy.

The doctor may recommend medications from the following list:

• "Monural" is a good quality antibiotic in the fight against bacterial infection.
• "Nolitsin" is a broad spectrum antimicrobial drug.
• "Nitroxoline" is an antibiotic that kills both bacteria and fungi.
• Palin is an antibiotic used in both acute and chronic phases.
• "Furagin" is an antibiotic, pathogens are susceptible to it for a long time.
• "Nevigramon" is a uro-antiseptic agent with a bactericidal effect.
• "Rulid" is a widespread antibiotic.
• "Furadonin" is an antimicrobial agent used exclusively in the fight against bacterial infections.

Other methods

An additional method of treatment is the instillation of the bladder with medicine.

If the indicators of well-being have improved, and the acute attack is stopped, then physiotherapy can be used to prevent relapses:

• laser;
• magnetic;
• short-pulse electroanalgesia.

Prophylaxis

If you remove all the causes and factors that provoke an attack from everyday life, then this will be the best prevention. Here are the main preventive measures:

• Improving the functioning of the body, based on the rise of immunity.
• We urgently need to get rid of inflammatory foci and acute infectious pathologies.
• Personal hygiene rules must be observed.
• It is important to promote the culture of sexual behavior. Avoid promiscuity in intimate relationships, take precautions with new partners, use barrier protection, practicing non-traditional forms of intercourse.
• Avoid prolonged exposure to cold.

It is not difficult to be healthy, you just need to consciously reconsider your lifestyle and make adjustments in time.

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