Dinmukhamed akhmedovich kunaev and mintimer shaimiev shaimiev. Happy birthday, great man - Dinmukhamed Kunaev (photo). Nazarbayev learned oblivion from Kunayev
- [R. 12 (25) Jan 1912] owls. mining scientist and statesman, acad. AN Kaz. SSR (since 1952). Member CPSU since 1939. After graduation in 1936 Moscow. Institute of non-ferrous metals and gold worked as an engineer in the Kounrad mine of the Balkhash ... ... Big biographical encyclopedia
- (1912 93) politician, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan (1952), Hero of Socialist Labor (1972, 1976, 1982). In 1952 55 the President of the Academy of Sciences; in 1955 60, 1962 64 Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Kazakhstan. In 1960 62, 1964 86 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
- [R. 12/31/1911 (12/01/1912), Alma Ata], Soviet statesman and party leader, Hero of Socialist Labor (1972), academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR (1952). Member of the CPSU since 1939. Born into the family of an employee. In 1936 he graduated from the Moscow Institute of Colored ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- (1912 1993), political and statesman, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR (1952), Hero of Socialist Labor (1972, 1976, 1982). In 1942 52 Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (CM) of the Kazakh SSR. In 1952 55 President of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. In 1955 60, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Dinmukhammed Akhmeduly Konayev Official portrait of D.A. Kunaev in the Politburo ... Wikipedia
Dinmukhammed Akhmedovich Kunaev Dinmukhammed Akhmeduly Konayev Official portrait of D.A. Kunaev in the Politburo ... Wikipedia
Kunaev, Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich (1912 1993) Soviet politician, head of the bodies of the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR. Kunaev, Askar Minliakhmedovich (1929 1999) specialist in the field of metallurgy of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Kunaeva, Anna ... ... Wikipedia
Kunaev Dinmukhamed Akhmetovich (12.01.1912, Almaty - 22.08.1993, ibid.), A prominent public and statesman, scientist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan (1952), Doctor of Technical Sciences (1969), three times Hero of Socialist Labor (1972, 1976, 1982) ... Graduated from the Moscow Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold (1936). In 1936-1942 he held executive positions in the Altai, Ridder, Leninogorsk mines. In 1942-1952 Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Kazakh SSR, the Council of Ministers of the KazSSR. In April 1952 he was elected President of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan. In 1955-1960, 1962-1964 Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR. 1960-1962, 1964-1986 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan. Over the 45 years that Kunaev spent in top management positions, almost 25 of them were the first head of the republic. He made a significant contribution to the socio-economic and cultural development of Kazakhstan. Mining production of the republic reached a high level, new production regions of Kazakhstan were formed, new cities and large settlements were built. During the years of his leadership of the republic, the Pavlodar-Ekibastuz fuel and energy complex, Karaganda GRES-2, Buktyrminskaya HPP in East Kazakhstan, Pavlodar Tractor Plant, many other industrial enterprises began to operate, Mangystau oil fields were developed, railway construction was developed, production began and the production of titanium, magnesium, synthetic rubber, various branches of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and chemistry developed rapidly. Mangystau, Zhezkazgan, Torgai regions were formed. Kunaev paid special attention to the development of the Kerbulak Plain, the construction of the Kapshagai reservoir, the Big Almaty Canal (Ulken Almaty Canal). At the same time, the industry of the republic still remained the raw material base of the Soviet Union. The intensive development of the military-industrial complex in the USSR was reflected in the economy of Kazakhstan. Large factories in Almaty, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Petropavlovsk, Uralsk, Stepnogorsk specialized in the production of military products. Military training grounds and enterprises have caused significant damage to the ecology of the republic. Kunaev supported well-known figures in science, literature, art and the intelligentsia. Under Kunaev in 1977-1982, a fundamental 5-volume scientific work on the history of Kazakhstan was published in the Kazakh and Russian languages. Kunaev took effective measures to preserve the existing territorial borders of the republic, its integrity. Kunayev returned to Kazakhstan the cotton-growing regions in the South, given to Uzbekistan, opposed the initiatives of the Center (Moscow) to create German autonomy in Kazakhstan, transfer Mangystau to Turkmenistan. During the years of his leadership, the capital of the republic, Almaty (then Alma-Ata), turned into a highly developed industrial, cultural and scientific center, the Palace of the Republic, KazGUgrad, the Arasan health center, the Medeu sports complex, were built. cr. building. Since 1985 M.S. Gorbachev began reforming the Soviet political and economic system. On December 16, 1986, at an extraordinary plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, the representative of the Central Committee of the CPSU G. Razumovsky announced the decision of the Politburo to relieve Kunayev from his post and appoint G.V. Kolbin. Appointment G.V. Kolbin caused a wave of popular discontent, which resulted in December events 1986. The central leadership accused Kunaev of organizing this rally. June 26, 1987 Kunaev was expelled from the Central Committee of the CPSU, then from the Central Committee of the CPC. In the entire history of the Kazakhstani party organization, Kunayev was the third Kazakh who was its 1st party secretary. Kunaev was a man of the “system”, he believed in “socialist choice” and “communist idea”. Kunaev is the author of many scientific works devoted to the problems of socialist and communist construction, the theory and practice of open-pit mining (about 200 scientific works). The name of Kunaev was given to the Institute of Mining, a number of schools and streets of the country, the University in Almaty. On October 13, 1992, the “Kunaev International Fund” was established in Almaty. On January 12, 2002, the Kunaev house-museum was opened in Almaty. August 15, 2003 at a. Akshi of Alakol district of Almaty region, where Kunaev spent the last period of his life, a memorial plaque was installed. He was awarded 8 Orders of Lenin, orders and medals.
Kunaev Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich - member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, the city of Alma-Ata.
Born on December 30, 1911 (January 12, 1912) in the city of Verny, Semirechensk region of the Turkestan General Governorship (since 1921 - Alma-Ata, since 1991 - Alma-Ata region of the Republic of Kazakhstan). Kazakh. He graduated from high school, and in 1936 - from the Moscow Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold, receiving the qualification "mining engineer".
From 1936 he worked at the Kounrad mine of the Balkhash copper-smelting plant "Pribalkhashstroy" as a drilling rig operator, foreman, shift engineer, shop manager, chief engineer, and mine director. Since 1939 - Deputy Chief Engineer and Head of the Technical Department of the Altaipolimetal Combine, Director of the Ridder Mine, Director of the Leninogorsk Mine Administration. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1939.
Since April 1942, Dinmukhamed Kunaev has been Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Kazakh SSR. In this position, during the years of the Great Patriotic War, he carried out significant work on the placement and commissioning of enterprises evacuated to the territory of Kazakhstan from the front-line regions of the USSR, mobilization and preparation of the republic's manpower reserves for the army.
Since 1946, with the transformations of the Council of People's Commissars, D.A. Kunaev - Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR.
Kunaev combined his state work with scientific activity. His works are devoted to the most important issues in the theory and practice of open pit mining. In 1948 he defended his Ph.D., and in 1968 - his doctoral dissertation. Since 1952 - a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. Has over a hundred scientific papers.
In April 1952 - April 1955 D.A. Kunaev is the president of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, which under his leadership conducted scientific research with the aim of developing and improving industry and agriculture, more efficient use of Kazakhstan's natural resources.
From March 31, 1955 to January 20, 1960 D.A. Kunaev - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR. From January 19, 1960 to December 26, 1962 - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan. Since December 26, 1962, he again - the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR, and since December 7, 1964 - the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan.
Member of the CPSU Central Committee (02/25/1956 - 06/26/1987), candidate member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (04/08/1966 - 03/30/1971), member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (04/09/1971 - 01/28/1987).
By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 11, 1972 for services in party and state building and in connection with the 60th anniversary Kunaev Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 6, 1976, he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" for his services in party and state building.
By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 11, 1982 for merits in the cause of party and state building and in connection with the 70th anniversary he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the third gold medal "Hammer and Sickle".
At the plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, held on December 16, 1986, D.A. Kunaev was removed from the post of the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan. This event led to riots in Alma-Ata and some other cities of the Kazakh SSR.
At the January (1987) Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee, Kunayev was relieved of his duties as a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee in connection with his retirement, and at the June (1987) Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee, he was removed from the CPSU Central Committee for serious shortcomings in the leadership of the republican party organization when he was the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan.
YES. Kunaev was a delegate to the XIX – XXVII congresses of the CPSU, a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the third to eleventh convocations (1950–1989), being since 1962 a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
He lived in his hometown of Alma-Ata, where he died on August 22, 1993. He was buried at the Kensai cemetery of Alma-Ata.
Awarded 8 Orders of Lenin (11/01/1957; 11/01/1962; 2/12/1971; 11/01/1972; 10/12/1973; 6/10/1976; 1/11/1979; 11/01/1982), Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree (23/04/1985) , Red Banner of Labor (11/16/1945), medals "For Labor Valor" (12/25/1959), "For Labor Distinction" (04/26/1939), other medals, foreign awards - Orders of George Dimitrov (1982, Bulgaria), Sukhe- Bator (1974, Mongolia), Victory February (23.01.1982, Czechoslovakia), foreign medals.
In 1978, a bronze bust of D.A. Kunaev. In 1994, a college, a mining institute, and a street were named after him. A charitable foundation named after D.A. Kunaev.
KUNAEV WALKED WITHOUT PROTECTION
Dinmukhamed Kunaev was known as a modest leader. In the mornings, he left a three-story building at the intersection of Kommunistichesky Avenue and Kirov Street (now it is the intersection of Ablaykhan Avenue and Bogenbay-Batyr Street) and walked down quietly to the Government House to work.
Kunaev lived there for many years, even as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, occupying a three-room apartment in the center of Almaty. After moving to another house, he left his apartment as a gift to the writer Alzhapar Abishev, who had previously harshly criticized Kunaev's personnel policy.
I also lived in the center of Almaty, and my way to work also lay along Kommunistichesky Avenue. Sometimes I saw in front of me a lonely slender tall figure of Kunaev, walking calmly in front. When I tell them, they don't believe me: how is he without protection? Indeed, when the security service became the most numerous, when whoever does not acquire one, it is very difficult to believe that the first person in the state went to work on foot and without security.
We knew that Kunayev, having become chairman of the Council of Ministers, refused to pay for the title of academician, which was about 340 rubles. He ordered that this money be used to help children and young scientists. This modesty, as an innate quality, was obvious to everyone and could not help but impress, strengthening trust in him. He did not notice a craving for personal benefits.
The environment did not suit the competition, who would better exalt him, but at the same time stood guard over his authority as a leader, not allowing to cast a shadow over all his achievements.
THE PERFORMANCE WAS ON TWO DAYS
In September 1987, Nursultan Nazarbayev gave a devastating interview about the activities of Dinmukhamed Kunayev to the Druzhba Narodov magazine.
Nursultan Nazarbayev (left) and Dinmukhamed Kunaev (right).
Nazarbayev criticized him for being disconnected from the real needs of life, recruiting personnel, and so on.
Exactly three years later, and also in the September issue, but already in the independent newspaper "Birlesu", an interview with Dinmukhamed Kunayev is published. He makes such a confession: “I’m not looking for excuses, I made right and wrong decisions: there were mistakes and good luck. But I know one thing for sure: you can't be "in charge" for a long time. You lose your flair for the people around you, you don’t understand or don’t accept fresh thoughts, you stop being critical of yourself. You make inevitable blunders, and most of all - in personnel policy. You should not surround yourself with admirers, but with minds that transform ideas. "
All of us who lived and worked in the days of Kunayev saw appointments, heard about people who were promoted beyond merit to high positions and how they then dragged their relatives and fellow countrymen along with them. Dinmukhamed Kunaev was told by some directly about the spread of tribal division, its social danger.
Kazakh leading writer Alzhapar Abishev in a letter to Kunaev asked: “Why is there no friendship between its own zhuzes and clans in Kazakhstan, which is called the laboratory of peoples' friendship? Will it not happen that those enjoying today tribal divisions do not put our heads under other people's boots? "
Conversations and statements did not bring any satisfactory result. The writer decided not to shout into the void anymore, but to bring his thoughts to the people through the play. And he writes "Bragging and Conscience." The play, staged by the famous director Azerbaijan Mambetov at the Auezov Theater, with the most popular artists Asanali Ashimov and Ydyrys Nogaybayev in the lead roles, was a resounding success.
But two days later she was removed from the production, the author himself was summoned to talk to the secretary of the CPC Central Committee on ideology Sattar Imashev. He, it turns out, was not at the play, he did not read the play. But he worked for two hours for the "seditious" remarks of the heroes, which the informers obligingly provided to him: "No matter how wise the boss, surrounded by sycophants, he will not avoid mistakes", "The sky is clear, the road is flat. But it's like a drunk driver behind the wheel, and we tremble with fear. "
The writer asks: what sedition is in these remarks? Receives no answer. There is, of course, criticism of shortcomings, which is unpleasant for the authorities, but it is impossible to attribute it to dissent. The writer's memoirs are published in his book Shirley Shezhire (Sad Stories).
RUSIFICATION UNDER KUNAEV
Recently, Kazakhstan celebrated the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the law, according to which the Kazakh language was declared the state language. But he didn't. Some conversations, appeals and admonitions about this. What can we say about other reasons, when there are still few kindergartens and schools in the Kazakh language.
The former leader of Soviet Kazakhstan, Zhumabay Shayakhmetov, with the then Russian majority, sometimes allowed himself to run the Central Committee Bureau in the Kazakh language, emphasizing respect and attention to the native language in practice. From the memoirs of the famous writer Azilkhan Nurshaikhov, we know that the conversation at the Central Committee bureau, when Nurshaikhov was approved as editor of the Pavlodar regional newspaper "Kyzyl Tu", Shayakhmetov conducted in Kazakh and then translated into Russian himself.
Anatoly Shalov, who was confirmed at the plenum of the Central Committee of the Komsomol as the secretary of the Central Committee, Shayakhmetov asked to tell his autobiography in Kazakh to the participants of the plenum. Shalov later became secretary of the Dzhambul regional party committee, head of the administrative department of the CPC Central Committee, and after retirement headed the Alma-Ata city council of veterans. He's big
Portraits of Dinmukhamed Kunaev in his house-museum in Almaty.
Warmly remembered Zhumabay Shayakhmetov - statesman and person.
Somehow we slipped to the point that we began to be ashamed of our native language. At social events, during a home feast, we began to feel embarrassed to speak our native language in the presence of one Russian - so that he would not think that we were hiding something from him.
Dinmukhamed Kunayev has two Kazakhs and a Russian at the reception. They are approved for the position of the first secretary of the district party committee. Kazakhs greet Kunaev in their native language. He immediately stops them, asks them to switch to common Russian. So that the third comrade does not think that they are hiding something from him.
One of the three was my old friend Rakhimbay Tazabekov. He was born in an aul. Having become a livestock technician, he worked all the time in agricultural industries, lived in the traditions of the village. It was strange for him that the head of the republic - a Kazakh himself - requires him, also a Kazakh, to speak only Russian.
FIFTH BOX
I have in my hands the documentary story of the Uyghur writer Abdukerim Ganiev "Ismail Yusupov:" With the purity of thoughts. "
Here is a quote from it: “When I came to the leadership of the republic,“ my black-eyed friends ”said that the Uyghur had risen to the top of Kazakhstan. If this is so, then why was it not said about Kunaev? He is a Tatar by nationality. As a former leader of Kazakhstan, I declare this with full responsibility. No one knows Kunaev and his parents better than me. Because our parents from the very beginning lived in Alma-Ata next door. DA Kunaev and I grew up together from childhood, then studied together at the Uyghur secondary school named after Sopi Zarvat.
When the question arose of nominating the leader of Kazakhstan from among the national cadres, Kunayev destroyed his passport one night and received a new one with confirmation of his nationality as a Kazakh. I knew very well about his cunning craftiness. However, it was not yet time to openly declare this fact ”.
(In 1962, Ismail Yusupov was elected first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan. He held this position for two years.)
The old party worker Satybaldy Totanov published the book "Oken omir otkelderi" ("Crossings of the passed life"). The book is full of numerous facts from the first person - their participant and witness. They are served in their original form, without embellishing any personality, without fear of offending someone's pride. Both are abundant in the memoirs now published.
After the party work of Satybaldy, Totanov was offered to head the Council for Religious Affairs under the government of the republic. The head of this council for the Karaganda region told him that when he headed the Karaganda regional
First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan Dinmukhamed Kunayev, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR Nursultan Nazarbayev (extreme left), General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Mikhail Gorbachev (extreme right). Tselinograd, 1985.
The State Archives then came across a questionnaire filled in by Kunaev's own hand.
It was written there that he, Dinmukhamed Kunayev, was Tatar by nationality. The head of the council for the Karaganda region spoke about the document to Nursultan Nazarbayev, who worked as the secretary of the Karaganda regional party committee. Nursultan Nazarbayev asked to hide the document so that no one except the two of them would know about it.
New times have come. Satybaldy Totanov worked in the City Council of Veterans. On April 20, 1990, Nursultan Nazarbayev gathered ten veterans from each district of Alma-Ata to consult on how to celebrate the 120th anniversary of Lenin.
Answering questions, including those concerning Dinmukhamed Kunayev, Nazarbayev asked not to talk too much about him, to give him the opportunity to rest in peace. But, as Satybaldy Totanov recalls, “after thinking a little and surprising everyone present, he unexpectedly said:“ Kunayev is not a Kazakh, in his own hand-filled application form for admission to the party he wrote that he was a Tatar ”.
Such was the time - when people for the sake of a career were forced to change the entry in the notorious fifth column in the Soviet passport. They say that many Kazakhs and Tajiks in Uzbekistan were forced to register as Uzbeks. Such a quiet process was and is in Kazakhstan, when some are registered as Kazakhs so that there are no obstacles to career growth.
ENVY TO SATPAYEV
Let us recall the story with the book of the writer Medeu Sarsekeyev about the first president of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan Kanysh Satpayev, removed from the set in 1975.
The writer then had to set out his ordeals in a separate book, describe his fruitless walking in a circle in order to get an answer who and for what reason removed the book, ready for publication, from production, for which he managed to receive and even spend part of the fee. Dinmukhamed Kunaev left two of his letters unanswered.
On the thirteenth day, the secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan on ideology, Sattar Imashev, received him, but for a long time avoided a direct answer. What he didn’t offer, what moral and material benefits he didn’t promise, that the writer refused to publish a book about Satpayev. But in the end I had to admit that in this "house", besides him, there are other people. Everything was clear without words.
The book about Kanysh Satpayev was published only five years later, in 1980, by the Molodaya Gvardiya publishing house in Moscow. In 1994, the publishing house "Sanat" published a book by Medeu Sarsekeev "Kugyndalgan Satpayev" ("Persecuted Satpayev") about the difficult and long journey to readers of the story about Satpayev.
Among others, there is such an interesting fact. In 1981, the Minister of Geology of the USSR Yevgeny Kozlovsky visited Dinmukhamed Kunaev. He speaks with admiration of Satpayev, of his debt to this great scientist and geologist, who discovered Bolshoi Zhezkazgan.
Dinmukhamed Kunayev stops the minister: “You are talking in vain. Zhezkazgan was finally explored, discovered by geologist Seifullin. Satpayev took advantage of his labor. "
The minister did not argue - a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee can do anything. Let us reply with the words of the writer Kakimbek Salykov, President of the International Satpayev Foundation: “It is with great regret that we have to state that many years after the death of Kanysh Satpayev, some leaders of the Soviet era tried to consign his name to oblivion. They were afraid that his unattainable glory would overshadow them. "
Indeed, Kanysh Satpayev is the first president of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan, the first Kazakh to become a member of the union Academy of Sciences, a member of the presidium of this Academy, a member of the State Commission for State and Lenin Prizes, a member of the Higher Attestation Commission.
Academician Shafik Shokin gives one more highest characteristic of him: “Thinkers of the synthetic mind are born extremely rarely. The most prominent synthetic minds are widely known: Leonardo da Vinci, Einstein, Andrei Sakharov. They were brilliant in everything they took. And I boldly attribute Kanysh Satpayev to such a special organization of the mind of a thinker. "
What is the geologist Seifullin, little-known even in Kazakhstan, compared to him?
HOW KUNAEV SENT BEYSEBAYEV INTO OBVENIYA
Life at the top is invisible to the lower classes, only presenting them with short messages about fait accompli. One of these facts is the retirement of the most significant figure after Kunayev, the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the republic, Masimkhan Beisebayev, upon reaching retirement age.
Beisebayev was still full of strength and energy. Only after a long time we learn that the retirement was unexpected for him and his family.
Masimkhan Beisebayev's assistant, Zharysbek Abutalipov, who later became deputy chairman of the State Planning Committee, recalls:
“On March 31, 1970, at 11 o'clock in the morning, he was invited by D. A. Kunaev, in the presence of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Niyazbekov and Second Secretary of the Central Committee Titov announced that he should retire. On the same day, at 2 pm, the Central Committee Bureau dismisses Beisebayev from the post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers, and Baiken Ashimov is appointed in his place.
At the session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the USSR NK Baibakov, Chairman of the State Committee for Committee E. Dymshits, Minister of Finance V.F. And they joke: “You, Make, have not a single gray hair. Keep working, we will help you. "
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Alexei Kosygin respected and appreciated Masimkhan Beisebayev for his efficiency, integrity and honesty. He was soon appointed director of the Kazakh Institute of Grassland Management. Beisebayev secured the allocation of the necessary funds and the completion of the construction of the complex. But he was again asked to leave. And he really wanted to work. "
Kamalbai Ketebayev, chairman of the State Planning Committee of the Republic, recalls: “He was surrounded by figures of retirement age, so this decision was incomprehensible to many. Personally, I knew the real reasons for the persecution of a major statesman.
At the end of 1969, we discussed with him some of the problems of the coming year. At this time, they called the government telephone. Masymkhan Beisebayevich calmly listened, then firmly said: "Dimash, I will not give an idea to this bummer." In my questioning opinion, he replied that the Minister of Trade is being offered for the vacant position of Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers. This post was held by Zorin, but he was retired.
Masymkhan Beisebayev resigned from the leadership of the government at a turning point, when poorly trained and not always honest people crawled into leadership positions, whose only skill was to serve the patron, that is, cadres that formed the physiology of the stagnant period. Beisebayev stood firmly and with dignity in their way. Only one example is given, but in fact there were many of them, so it is clear why Beisebayev was sent on vacation. "
At one time, some figures proposed to rename the city of Kapshagai, Almaty region, to Kunayev, since it was allegedly at the origins of the city's creation. But the construction of a reservoir, power plants, residential buildings, a railway bridge, a fish factory, a porcelain factory and other facilities was carried out under the leadership of Masimkhan Beisebayev.
ELIMINATION OF POTENTIAL COMPETITORS
In his memoirs "From Stalin to Gorbachev," Dinmukhamed Kunayev sharply speaks out against Mukhametkali Suzhikov, who worked as the secretary of the Central Committee for ideology.
We literally read from him: “Considering the positive qualities of Shayakhmetov, it should be noted that he made major mistakes in relation to the best representatives of the national intelligentsia. These mistakes were especially aggravated and took on a grave character in 1951 - 1954, when Mukhametkali Suzhikov worked as the secretary of the Central Committee for ideology. What, for example, were the pogrom decisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan about the so-called anti-people essence of the best examples of the epic, the scientific works of many scientists and historians associated with them. Philologists and entire scientific teams ”.
We give help. Mukhametkali Suzhikov came to the leadership of ideology from the post of first secretary of the Aktobe regional party committee in November 1951. He came after the publication of an article by the main communist newspaper Pravda on December 26, 1950 "For Marxist-Leninist coverage of the history of Kazakhstan", it was discussed at the editorial board four times.
The article was criticized, including Zhumabay Shayakhmetov asked for mitigation. The discussion of the article took place in March 1951, before Suzhikov's appearance in the Central Committee, at a closed party meeting of the Institute of the History of Ethnography and Archeology. Eleven speakers supported Pravda's speech.
In October 1951, at the direction of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan discussed the issue "On the state and measures to improve ideological work in the party organizations of the republic." According to historians, it is good that the matter did not come to the adoption of a special resolution on Kazakhstan and only discussed the Pravda article.
Moscow's pressure was supported not only by their own historians, out of envy of their more successful colleagues, but also by some leading officials from the Central Committee apparatus. At the plenum, the head of the propaganda and agitation department of the Central Committee, Khramkov, who later became the first secretary of the Kustanai regional party committee, said that he had not been able to express his opinion before, fearing that he would be misunderstood.
Zhumabay Shayakhmetov, who told a Pravda representative that he did not consider Kenesary's movement reactionary, admitted that he was wrong when in 1944, in an article in the newspaper Sotsialistik Kazakstan, he named the khans Ablay, Kenesary and Nauryzbay-batyr among the national heroes.
This begs the question why Dinmukhamed Kunayev did not name any of the pogrom decisions allegedly initiated by Mukhametkali Suzhikov? Suzhikov, working as a secretary of the Aktobe, Kyzyl-Orda, Semipalatinsk regional party committees, as a secretary of the CPC Central Committee, showed himself to be an independent person, acting not to please someone, but primarily for the people, regardless of the fact that he himself may suffer.
So, he was the first of the leaders, having studied the harmful effects of nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, wrote a letter to Khrushchev on behalf of the bureau of the regional party committee without prior agreement with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, having sent one copy of the encrypted message to the first secretary of the Central Committee Nikolai Belyaev.
Moscow and Alma-Ata were dissatisfied with his initiative. The Temirtau events followed. Mukhametkali Suzhikov spoke at the plenum of the Central Committee with sharp criticism of the party leadership and the government headed by Kunayev, through whose fault the workers were rightly indignant. Suzhikov was removed from the regional leadership.
He had four years left until his retirement when he was appointed chairman of the republican Goskomizdat. By education, experience of previous work, he was a newcomer to such a highly specialized industry and, it would seem, will calmly serve out his pre-retirement years. Perhaps the leadership of the republic was counting on this.
But as a creative person who worked for the future, he only dreamed of peace. He sees this prospect in the creation of normal working and living opportunities for publishers, printers, scattered in different parts of the city.
A huge territory is needed to accommodate all publishing houses, a printing enterprise with auxiliary services, a book base, a school for training the necessary personnel, housing for workers, a kindergarten. Projects need limits, money. And you need a lot of everything. Much needs to be addressed through the allied State Planning Committee and the Ministry of Finance.
But the construction of the printing town began. As representatives of other Union republics later envied: it was the first such town in the Union. But the day of the 60th anniversary was approaching. Mukhametkali Suzhikov, who was resting in a sanatorium near Alma-Ata, was summoned to say: he should retire.
THE OPPONENTS EXIT EXACTLY AT 60 YEARS
In the same way, Zhumabek Tashenev was retired at the age of 60 on his birthday. About Tashenev, under Zhumabay Shayakhmetov who became the first secretary of the regional party committee, then nominated under Khrushchev by the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and chairman of the Council of Ministers, we read in Kunayev's memoirs:
“Khrushchev gave me an order to relieve Tashenev of the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Republic. "It is difficult for him to work as chairman of the Council of Ministers of the republic, give him a job of less volume."
In the Supreme Soviet Zhumabek Tashenev worked quite satisfactorily, but his transfer to the Council of Ministers, I think, was resolved incorrectly. As chairman there, he could not cover the main areas of work of the government of the republic. The CPSU Central Committee began to receive a lot of applications for him. This was facilitated by his quarrelsome nature, incontinence, arrogance. "
Zhumabek Tashenev left for Chimkent as deputy chairman of the regional executive committee and retired from this post.
As you know, Tashenev went into an open and high-profile conflict with Nikita Khrushchev, expressing a categorical objection to the transfer of three cotton-growing regions of South Kazakhstan to Uzbekistan.
He also defended from the transfer of five northern regions of Kazakhstan to Russia for the organization of a unified management of virgin lands. This venture by Nikita Khrushchev ended with the creation of the Virgin Land within Kazakhstan.
The writer and dissident Karishal Asanov has published two books about Zhumabek Tashenev, in which he writes how he staunchly fought against the transfer of his native land into the wrong hands.
Amanolla Ramazanov, who recently died at the age of 82, saw Tashenev for the first time when he was the director of a state farm in Pavlodar region, and Tashenev was the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council. Then they met many years later, when Ramazanov became the first secretary of the Chimkent regional party committee, and Tashenev worked as deputy chairman of the regional executive committee.
According to Ramazanov's observation, Zhumabek Tashenev managed to preserve his human dignity, without betraying or emphasizing that he once held a high post, strictly observed official ethics, did not sit up for one extra minute beyond the necessary time, using an old acquaintance.
NAZARBAYEV LEARNED OBLIVION FROM KUNAEV
Surprisingly, this is a fact: the unappreciated by Dinmukhamed Kunayev Ozbekali Zhanibekov was highly appreciated by the newcomer Gennady Kolbin.
Ozbekali Zhanibekov is also known for opening the way to big politics for Nazarbayev. He noticed the young Nursultan back in Temirtau, recommended him for a Komsomol-party promotion, was his first patron.
Zhanibekov, being the secretary for ideology of the Torgai regional party committee, did a lot to turn the provincial town into a civilized, cultural regional center.
Through his efforts, a regional drama theater, a regional philharmonic society, and a pedagogical institute were opened. And they all arose from scratch. From here he was transferred to the head of the newly created international department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan.
But one day he was summoned by the secretary for ideology Sattar Imashev and offered to become deputy minister of culture. This was a demotion. Ozbekali Zhanibekov asks: what was he guilty of? No answer. The next Saturday morning he was again invited to the Central Committee. Sattar Imashev, together with the second secretary Korkin, demand his consent to a new job.
To Zhanibekov's questions, Korkin replies that Kunayev ordered so, who starts work on Monday and by that time it is necessary to complete his task. Zhanibekov can only say that he has no power to challenge the decision of the first secretary of the Central Committee and a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
After a while, Ozbekali Zhanibekov turns out to be deputy chairman of the Alma-Ata regional executive committee. Unfortunately for him, Marat Mendybaev worked as the first secretary of the regional party committee. It was in no way possible to work with him. And Zhanibekov goes to Kunaev, asks to release him. A few days later he meets Mendybaev when he leaves the elevator and laughs mockingly: “You wanted to quit? And we will dismiss. "
After the departure of Dinmukhamed Kunaev, Gennady Kolbin invites Ozbekali Zhanibekov to the post of Minister of Culture. After a while, he was nominated as secretary of the Central Committee for ideology. But he was given little time to unleash his potential: the party soon disbanded.
And yet, Ozbekali Zhanibekov did something useful. He helped to rehabilitate some teachers who fell into disgrace due to the December events, including the rector of the Kazakh University Omirbek Zholdasbekov.
Just as Dinmukhamed Kunayev did not need Zhanibekov with his directness and integrity, so did Nursultan Nazarbayev, who replaced Gennady Kolbin. By the time of the dissolution of the Communist Party, Ozbekali Zhanibekov was 60 years old, and no one offered him anything, his experience and knowledge were unclaimed. But his pride did not allow him to be a supplicant.
CURRENT CORRUPTION STARTS UNDER KUNAEV
Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev released Semyon Elagin, the first secretary of the Pavlodar regional party committee, who came to Kazakhstan during the development of virgin lands, for fraud. With the resignation of Khrushchev, his star lit up again, Semyon Elagin is back on horseback - the head of the regional agricultural administration, deputy chairman and chairman of the Alma-Ata regional executive committee, member of the CPC Central Committee, deputy and member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the republic.
At any opportunity, he openly declared his friendly relations with Leonid Brezhnev. But it turned out that he was in collusion with the head of the capital construction department of the regional executive committee, Koshkin, was selling apartments. And in a very large number.
Two hundred apartments are revealed at the trial. But not all such facts are revealed, since no one voluntarily wants to say that he bought an apartment, so as not to be forced to return it. Registration of documents for apartments goes only through the regional executive committee, since it is their owner and manager.
But Koshkin is tried, sentenced to death, which is replaced by 15 years in prison. Semyon Elagin - nothing. He remains a deputy, calmly goes to Moscow, gets a good job in bread.
During the investigation of this high-profile case, Dinmukhamed Kunayev held a conversation with a small propaganda activist. He told us that various rumors were creeping around the city, and they had to fight back immediately. "They are talking about some Koshkin case, but there is a total talk about the sale of twenty apartments." We were, of course, surprised that even two apartments do not change the essence of the crime.
At a meeting of the republic's lawyers, Kunayev expresses his dissatisfaction with the fact that the so-called Koshkin case has been dragged out too long, "it would be necessary to end it quickly so that the gossip would stop."
Family friends of Leonid Brezhnev were the Nikolaevs. They followed him from Moldova to Moscow, and from there to Alma-Ata. Here Brezhnev appointed Nikolaev first deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers. Brezhnev to Moscow - the Nikolaevs follow him.
But from there Nikolaev was brought in handcuffs - like a criminal. A major trial began, dubbed the "Poznansky Case" after the head of the State Planning Committee's material and technical supply department. Nikolaev was one of the defendants. Neither Dinmukhamed Kunaev nor Leonid Brezhnev dared to put in a word for him, fearing Nikita Khrushchev. Nikolaev is sentenced to four or five years in prison.
An attempt is made to be released early by a court decision. Kunaev on a business trip abroad. His nephew Toktamys Bedelbaev, who works as the chairman of the regional court, in the colony is considering Nikolayev's application for the early release of Nikolayev due to illness. Having received his freedom, he flies to Moscow.
A telegram about his illegal early release immediately flies to Moscow. In order not to raise a fuss and not to harm others, Nikolaev immediately returns to serve the term himself. The second secretary of the Central Committee, Rodionov, presses Toktamys Bedelbaev to say whose request he was fulfilling, since he personally does not need Nikolaev at all.
But Toktamys Bedelbaev, of course, does not name any name. He was released from work, expelled from the party. But with the departure of Khrushchev, everything returns to him. His last honorary and authoritative position was the chairman of the Alma-Ata regional trade union council.
KUNAEV'S FATHER AND BROTHER
In such conditions, Dinmukhamed Kunaev forgot about caution in the party plan, where behavioral criteria were strictly observed. So, in 1973, a monument of black and pink marble to the parents of his wife, Zukhra Sharifovna, appeared at the cemetery in Atbasar. On
Dinmukhamed Kunaev with his wife. Almaty, 1982.
It is engraved: "To dear parents ... from children 1973". What are her parents famous for?
In a note in "Komsomolskaya Pravda" entitled "Antipamyatnik" dated March 3, 1990, V. Komarov reads: "In 1919, in Akmolinsk, now Tselinograd, the Kolchak administration held elections for the city council. From merchants, eminent citizens, Sharif Yalymov joined it - the one who smashed the Soviets, personally dealt with the fighters for the new power, the same one about which the writer, who died in Stalin's dungeons Saken Seifullin, spoke indignantly, on the pages of his novel Thorny way". As you know, Seifullin, a classic and the pride of our literature and one of the first leaders of the government of Soviet Kazakhstan, also suffered from father Zukhra. "
Against this background, it is not surprising that Dinmukhamed Kunayev has promoted his brother Askar Kunayev to the presidency of the Academy of Sciences. And Askar Kunayev, later criticized by Nursultan Nazarbayev at the famous 16th Congress of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, worked for three terms as president of the Academy of Sciences.
It remains for us to say that Askar Kunaev had a worthy rival in the person of Karaganda resident Yevney Buketov, an influential scientist-writer and organizer of science. About him, about how he was removed - an article by the own correspondent of Kazakhstanskaya Pravda V. Mogilnitsky for August 9, 1991 "About Buketov and not only about him." Evney Buketov is remembered. Karaganda State University was named after him. What is left of Askar Kunaev?
Dinmukhamed Kunayev was quickly consigned to oblivion when he was retired in December 1986 and the famous December events broke out in Almaty. Three years later, the Moscow governor Gennady Kolbin as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan was replaced by Nursultan Nazarbayev, who soon became the president of sovereign Kazakhstan and has ruled for more than 20 years. Kunaev remained in the shadows even with him, in fact under house arrest.
Recently, however, Kunaev has been praised again, attributed to him all sorts of merits and even “12 holy qualities”, as the popular newspaper “Zhas Alash” once did.
By the way, the same ideological process is going on in neighboring Uzbekistan around the person of the last long-term Soviet leader Sharaf Rashidov, whose corpse was thrown out of the grave in the center of Tashkent. Thus, recent history in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan is being rewritten to please yesterday's communists, who today do not give the wheel to a new generation of managers.
YES. Kunaev (reigned 1960-1962, 1964-1986)
Graduated from the Moscow Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold (1936) with the qualification of a mining engineer. Has over 100 scientific papers.
After graduation he was sent to Pribalkhashstroy. In the initial period of the Great Patriotic War, he was Deputy Chief Engineer and Head of the Technical Department of the Altaipolimetal Combine, as well as Director of the Ridder Mine of the Leninogorsk Ore Administration.
He worked as Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Kazakh SSR (1942-1952), President of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR (1952-1955), Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR (1955-1960, 1962-1964), First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan (1960-1962, 1964-1986).
YES. Kunaev has been a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee for more than 20 years, for 25 years - a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR.
Three times Hero of Socialist Labor, awarded 8 Orders of Lenin.
The formation of Kunaev's personality took place in the Stalinist era, in a rigidly centralized administrative system. Its fate took shape under the influence of socio-economic processes, which were characterized, on the one hand, by general optimism and unbending faith of the people in the ideals of socialism, on the other hand, by repression, tough volitional decisions of the system, "burning out" the history, ethnic culture and traditions of entire nations. ...
While still a student, D. Kunaev became convinced of the plight of the republic. Remembering this time, as the head of the republic, he made a significant contribution to its development. The development program was aimed at the establishment of industrial production, agriculture, intensive construction. Favorable socio-economic conditions have led to the successful demographic development of the population. In order to improve the quality of leadership, three new regions were organized, thousands of settlements arose, of which 43 cities. Special attention was paid to the formation of the scientific potential of the republic.
The professional path of a young engineer began after graduating from the Moscow Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold in 1936, when he was assigned to the Balkhash construction site. Having passed the career path from an ordinary machinist to the chief engineer of the mine, Kunaev became a highly professional industrial leader. In November 1938, the first Balkhash copper was obtained. YES. Kunaev was awarded a state award - the medal "For Labor Distinction".
In September 1939 D.A. Kunaev was appointed director of the Ridder mine. In a short period of time, the new director of the mine brought him out of the laggards to the leading ones, increasing production volumes many times over.
In April 1942, Kunaev was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the republic. At the end of February 1949, at the IV Congress of the Communists of Kazakhstan, he was elected a member of the Central Committee.
In 1952 Dinmukhammed Akhmetovich was appointed President of the Academy of Sciences.
In March 1955, Kunaev was approved as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the republic. Its founder K.I. Satpayev.
During this period, the ministries of non-ferrous metallurgy, construction and installation works, geology, energy, etc. were organized.
In the same year, L.I. Brezhnev. The virgin land epic began. The development of virgin lands was accompanied by mass migration of the population from the union republics. The virgin lands had an epoch-making impact on the economic development of Kazakhstan, changing not only the structure of the economy, but also the general socio-demographic picture of the republic.
1959 was one of the most difficult for Kazakhstan. The republic did not fulfill the plan to sell grain to the state. Unrest broke out in Temirtau: workers went on strike, riots broke out. On January 19, 1960, at the Plenum of the CPC Central Committee, Belyaev was sharply criticized and dismissed from work.
On the same day, Kunaev was unanimously elected First Secretary of the CPC Central Committee.
In December 1962, Kunayev was relieved of his post and was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Kazakhstan, which was caused by a number of disagreements with the Moscow leadership, in particular, with the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Nikita Khrushchev.
In October 1964 D.A. Kunaev was in Moscow and attended the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, which relieved Khrushchev of the post of First Secretary and elected Leonid Brezhnev to this post.
The Plenum of the CPC Central Committee, held on December 7, 1964 in Alma-Ata, dismissed I.A. Yusupov and the party leader of Kazakhstan for the second time, Dinmukhammed Kunayev was unanimously elected.
Under the leadership of L. Brezhnev, Kunaev worked for 28 years.
Under Brezhnev, the secretary of the CPSU Central Committee for ideology was the "gray cardinal" M.A. Suslov, who vigilantly followed the creative intelligentsia. After the publication of Olzhas Suleimenov's book "Az and Ya" in the central editions, a harsh, purposeful persecution of the Kazakh writer began, who was charged with distorting historical facts, insulting "The Lay of Igor's Regiment", inciting Kazakh nationalism.
YES. Kunaev, who read the book with pleasure, immediately defended O. Suleimenov. After a skirmish with Suslov, who did not want to change his point of view, Kunaev went to Brezhnev and asked him to read the work. Moscow failed to turn Olzhas Suleimenovich into a dissident and nationalist.
On November 10, at a meeting of the Politburo, Brezhnev's death was announced. After that Yu.V. Andropov and K.U. Chernenko, who died in March 1985. M.S. Gorbachev met with full support.
In 1985, the XVI Congress of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan took place - the last one under the leadership of D.A. Kunaev. In the fall of 1986, Kunaev handed Gorbachev a statement asking him to consider the issue of retirement. The Secretary General did not hesitate to support his request. In fact, he authorized the persecution of Kunayev, which took place after the December 1986 events. A campaign against a member of the Politburo, First Secretary of the Republican Central Committee, a political leader of such a high level could only be authorized by the General Secretary.
On December 11, 1986, without the participation of Kunaev, a meeting of the Politburo took place, which made his decision to retire. On the morning of December 16, a plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) took place, which saw Kunayev retire and elected G.V. Kolbin.
Like all political leaders of that time, D.A. Kunaev went through all the stages of party institutionalization, initially working in production, then moving on to party work. Political longevity and viability of D.A. Many political researchers associate Kunaev with his personal friendship with L.I. Brezhnev. However, the distinctive abilities of his character, mind, psychological makeup, intellect and deep education set him apart from the ranks of the political leaders of the totalitarian time. Without losing his face, Dinmukhammed Kunayev retained his authority among the people, who enjoyed support and respect.
Meirzhan Mashan
Childhood. Academic years.
On January 12, 1912, the boy Dimash was born in the city of Verny (now Almaty). His parents probably didn’t think that their son would do a lot of useful things for Kazakhstan in the future.
Dinmukhamed studied at the first stage school No. 19 named after Chernyshevsky. After finishing the fourth grade, he studied at the 14th school. Dimash Akhmedovich about his school years in his book “From Stalin to Gorbachev”: “Years of study at school are remembered for a long time. I remember well my first teacher, Anna Pavlovna Shurova, who taught me the Russian language and literacy from the ABC book. I will not forget the sensitive and wise teachers of School No. 14: mathematics - Semyon Ivanovich Sokolov, physics - Andrei Alekseevich Astrakhantsev, Izmail Pavlovich Maslennikov, natural science - Boris Nikolayevich Dublitsky, social science - Evgeny Stepanovich Voitsekhovsky. Until now, I am grateful to the teachers - mentors for spiritual generosity, wise instructions, for knowledge. With special sympathy I remember the Russian language teacher Lyubov Aleksandrovna Fedulova, who put a lot of effort into making me successfully master the Russian language. " Dinmukhamed was not an excellent student, but he learned difficult sciences with great pleasure. It was during his school years that Dimash decided to become a mining engineer.
After classes at school, Kunaev worked as a statistician in the zoning sector of the State Planning Committee of the Republic, and in the evenings he studied at training courses for the institute.
Years of schooling have passed. In 1931, young Dimash went to Moscow with a permit from the regional committee of the Komsomol of Kazakhstan to enter the Moscow Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold named after I. M.I. Kalinin. The beginning of labor activity.
When Dinmukhamed graduated from the mining faculty of the institute in July 1936, he was sent to the Kounrad-Balkhash construction site.
Dinmukhamed Kunayev about his direction to Balkhash-Kounrad: “This is where my labor activity began. I was not a beginner in these parts. I was familiar with Kounrad and his people when he passed here a five-month practice. At that time I worked as a foreman of the newly created eastern waste dump. He worked and saved up material for his thesis on the topic: "Determination of the capacity of the Kounrad quarry for the production of 90 thousand tons of black copper per year." He defended his diploma with an excellent mark. It so happened that my first steps were associated with the development of non-ferrous metallurgy in Kazakhstan. And to this day I am proud that I am one of the participants in the birth of a powerful copper industry in the country in Central Kazakhstan, and then the lead-zinc industry in Rudny Altai. "
While here, Dimash Akhmedovich worked as a drilling rig operator, foreman, shift engineer, director of the Kounrad mine.
Having received the first working leave, Dinmukhamed leaves for Almaty. Here he met his future wife Zukhra Yalymova.
The vacation ended and Kunaev returned to the mine.
Direction to Ridder. Wedding.
Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich was sent to the Ridder Polymetallic Combine as director of the Ridder Ore Administration. After staying in Almaty for only a few days, Di-mash met with his future wife Zukhra and said these words: "How do you look, Zukhra, if we go to Ridder together?" Kunaev: “It was a declaration of love and an offer to become my wife. She agreed, and those were the happiest days of my life. I thank fate for connecting my life with a beloved, sensitive, attentive and charming person. "
The wedding took place on October 18 at the apartment of Dinmukhamed's older sister Amina Akhmedovna. Comrades from the Kunayev Institute, teachers of the Kazakh Mining and Metallurgical Institute, engineers Zhaksybaev, Kravchen-ko, a longtime acquaintance of Dimash Akhmedovich Arykov, Zukhra's uncle Garif Sharipovich with his young wife and Dinmukhamed's sisters were invited.
The pre-war situation on the borders of the USSR increased the requirements for strategic thought - the metallurgical industry. In a short period of time, the new director of the mine brought him out of the laggards to the advanced ones, increasing production volumes many times over. In 1941 Ridder was renamed Leninogorsk. It must be added that during the war, 9 out of 10 bullets fired at the enemy were smelted from the Lenin-Gorsk lead.
Summons to the Central Committee. New position.
In April 1942 D.A. Kunaev was summoned to the order of the Central Committee, where on April 20 he was appointed deputy chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the republic. Since June 6, 1942 D.A. Kunaev began working in the Council of People's Commissars of the Kazakh SSR and, as it turned out later, returned to the city of his childhood forever. The terms of reference defined the coordination of the work of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, the coal and oil industries, power plants, railways, auto transport, and defense plants. At the age of 30, D.A. Kunaev was entrusted with the most responsible sector of state administration, by today's standards - the post of Deputy Prime Minister. The chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Kazakhstan at that time was N.D. Undasynov, the second secretary of the CPC Central Committee - Zh.A. Shayakhmetov.
At the end of February 1949, at the 6th Congress of the Communists of Kazakhstan, D.A. Kunaev was first elected a member of the Central Committee. However, he and Undasynov could not take part in this congress, since they were in the Kyzyl-Orda region on the liquidation of the accident.
Kunaev is the head of the Academy of Sciences.
In December 1951, Kunayev was summoned by Shayakhmetov, who was then the first secretary of the CPC Central Committee, and offered to head the Academy of Sciences in connection with the need to correct the situation in ideological coverage of the history of Kazakhstan, which was refused. Two months later, the call to the Central Committee was repeated. This time Shayakhmetov obtained Kunaev's consent to the transition to the management of science.
At the end of September 1952, the 6th congress of the CP (b) of Kazakhstan was held, at which the President of the Academy of Sciences was elected a member of the republican Central Committee and a delegate to the 19th congress of the CPSU (b) - the last one with Stalin's participation. The 19th Congress opened on October 5, 1952.
At the plenum of the CPC Central Committee in February 1954, First Secretary Zh.A. Shayakhmetov. Soon, at the 7th Congress of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, P.K. Ponomarenko, the second - L.I. Brezhnev. From the very first days of work between the President of the Academy of Sciences and the new party leadership, businesslike, good relations were formed, which played a significant role in strengthening the material and technical base of academic institutions.
Chairman of the Council of Ministers.
In March 1955, a session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was held in Moscow, at which Kunaev's speech was also planned. Kunaev was urgently summoned to P.K. Ponomarenko and L.I. Brezhnev. Here he was informed that at the Bureau of the Central Committee he was approved by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the republic and dismissed from the post of President of the Academy of Sciences. Having received an affirmative answer, they said that this issue would be brought up to a session of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR, and at the moment it was necessary to go to the residence with Khrushchev. The first personal meeting went very well.
On April 1, 1955, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR D.A. Kunaev.
Dimash Akhmedovich is the head of the republic.
January 19, 1960 D.A. Kunaev was unanimously elected First Secretary of the CPC Central Committee. When he was the head of the government of the republic, the ministries of non-ferrous metallurgy, construction and installation works, geology, energy, etc. were organized.
In autumn 1986 D.A. Kunaev presented M.S. Gorbachev's statement with a request for retirement. The Secretary General did not hesitate to support his request.
Retirement. December events in Almaty.
December 11, 1986 without the participation of D.A. Kunaev, a meeting of the Politburo took place, which made a decision on his retirement. On the morning of December 16, a plenum of the CPC Central Committee was held, chaired by D.A. Kunaev retired and elected G.V. Kolbin.
In the evening of December 17 and the whole day of December 18, there was a brutal beating of young people who dared to proudly raise their heads, who felt an insult to their dignity by the totalitarian regime, which in words proclaimed a new course. The youth sincerely believed in the reality of change and were severely punished for their gullibility.
Gorbachev and Kolbin tried to expose D.A. Kunaev was one of the main organizers of the December events. A long-term campaign of malicious persecution of the former Republican leader began. Before Kolbin was recalled to Moscow, D.A. Kunaev was actually under house arrest. Some people were not allowed to see him, some - they themselves avoided contact with the disgraced leader. Perhaps this was the most difficult period in the life of D.A. Kunaev. However, with the election of N.A. Nazarbayev's surveillance of Kunayev by the special services was immediately removed.
Parting.
Like all political figures of that time, D.A. Kunaev went through all the traditional stages of party institutionalization, initially working in production, then moving on to party work. Political longevity and viability of D.A. Many political researchers associate Kunaev with his personal friendship with L.I. Brezhnev. However, the distinctive features of his character, mind, psychological makeup, intellect and deep education set him apart from the ranks of the political leaders of the to-talitarian time. Without losing his face, D.A. Kunaev retained his authority among the people, who enjoyed the support and respect. May this name remain in our hearts forever.
