Sunny wind. Facts and theory. Phenomena generated by the solar wind
Solar stream and Fiery streams.
The solar stream has a double effect on people. The element fire, of which the Sun is composed, is capable of destroying everything material. But on Earth it is controlled by the Fire Release Program, and therefore the rays of the Sun by themselves cannot set anything on fire. They go to Earth smoothly and safely.
The sun, like a star, can adversely affect a person. Unlike the Moon, it does not interact with a person's Consciousness, but the problem is that its energy has an increased penetration into the human body. The solar stream permeates the physical body of a person, like everything that is on the path of its movement along the earth. It penetrates into the body through the skin, is absorbed by the cells of the body, and exits the body. The danger is that the Sun cannot dose its energy, cannot stop its rays in time. A person will not be inflamed from this, but if he himself does not find a solution to the problem, does not hide from the direct solar stream, then he may die from an overdose of the heat that he carries. Man is the head of the situation.
The solar wind that hits the earth during solar flares negatively affects the entire planet. It interferes with the communication of people both in the technical sense and in purely human communication. In this case, just like the Moon, it affects the Consciousness of a person, suppresses it. With solar flares, a person can commit inappropriate actions. In addition, the solar wind affects the human heart and disturbs the rhythm of its work. His presence on Earth, as it were, "breaks" a person.
But this is a deviation from the rules of the relationship between the Sun and the Earth. They need each other to fulfill one common goal - to maintain and strengthen biological life on Earth.
The space mission of the Sun is to give everything on Earth its life energy. It plays the role of the masculine principle for Mother Earth. The program is the seed that the Solar stream brought into the planet, created the conditions for biological life on it. Now it supports this life with its warmth. All people understand that without him the planet would turn into a huge ice mass.
A person cannot live without the Sun, not only because he freezes. When changes occur on the Sun, life on Earth also changes, people change, their feelings and perception of life change. In turn, changes on Him take place according to the Cosmic laws. Everything is interconnected.
The Sun, like the Moon, has its own mystical aspect.
At different times of the day, a different flow, different energy emanates from it.
You can divide the day into four parts (the night is also included).
In the period from 00 to 06 o'clock in the morning local time, a solar stream goes to the Earth, exciting the forces of life. It is at this time that there is an intensive consumption of energy by people, plants, animals, and even minerals. Literally grabbing the energy of the sun. At this time, it gives special strength and contributes to the energetic vital replenishment of the human centers, especially 5-7. The closer to 6 o'clock, the more energy of this kind goes to a certain place on earth. Energy that contributes to the energetic development of a person, even if the Sun is not yet visible. It is best for a person who comes into contact with the Release of Fire to work at this particular time.
From 06 to 12 o'clock - the time of the increase in the influence of the energy of the Sun. Closer to 12 o'clock, this effect becomes powerful, but with a minus sign. The energy of the Sun does not so much give strength as it suppresses the strength that a person has. (Indoors, this effect is smoothed out to almost zero.)
From 12 to 18 o'clock - The energy of the Sun completely goes to the destruction of everything weak on Earth, incinerates. From it you need to go to places protected from direct rays. It takes the energy of people and all living things. The sun at this time is the consumer of the energy of the Earth and everything that is on it. There is an intensified exchange of energies not in favor of the Earth and man. Towards evening this process weakens. A person exposed to the sun from 12 to 18 hours will feel completely de-energized.
From 18 to 24 hours - the Sun and the Earth are balanced and rest from each other. A time of peace and tranquility. Then comes the first stage of the flow of energy from the Sun again, and so on.
The fiery stream coming from the Sun always has a direct connection with the Fire Release.
The Fire Element is a multidimensional substance, in many respects different from the other Elements of the Earth. He can exist and act without the guidance of his Element, independently. (In contrast to the Element of water, earth and air, which are always closely related to their Elements.) If the rays of the sun are concentrated (magnifying glass) and directed at one point on a highly flammable object, a fire will occur. And then the Fire Element can become uncontrollable, since at that moment it got out of the control of the Fire Release, came into contact with the material component of the planet. When interacting with matter, the energy of the Sun becomes material, visible. The fire element is transformed, becomes what a person is used to perceive it, and begins to live according to its own laws, absorbing everything for its life that can come into contact with it and burn. In this case, the Fire Element retreats, obeying its Program of interaction with the Fire Element, set by the Higher Powers. Otherwise, a person would never have been able to use fire to his advantage, he would never have even lit a fire.
The manifested fire is physically felt, dangerous and necessary. But a person does not suspect that in the Element of fire there is another invisible, mystical property that is not inherent in other Elements of the earth, not known to people. It can be called the mind of Fire. The person does not feel it. Some devices on Earth can already record this energy, but no one perceives it as an important component of the Fire Element, especially as an intelligent component.
Reasonable energy of Fire is always directed towards creation, and not towards destruction. The visible part of Fire, the Fire Element, can burn anything that burns, even people.
The mind, living in Fire, gives it the opportunity to come into contact with its Element with the help of a person. A person connected with the Release of Fire, with his Consciousness, can create an interaction of the Release of Fire with the Reasonable part of his manifested Element. In this case, she will be able to stop the fire, if she receives the appropriate permission, to influence the Fire Element from the main intelligent creature on Earth - man.
The Mind of Fire is manifested in the ability to analyze, no matter how strange it may seem to a person living on the planet now. It is definitely specific. Its essence is that the Fire Element, unlike other Earth Elements, can gradate information. With his rational part, he can cooperate with a person, help in solving problems related to spiritual work. Fire has the highest vibrations going to the Earth, an intelligent substance in it will perceive human thoughts (if a person lit a candle, a fire and turned to Fire), analyze and decide whether to pay attention to them. If a person's thoughts are full of violence, then their vibrations are underestimated and not perceived, they are rejected by Fire. If they are directed towards good, have high vibrations, then with the help of vibrations the energies of Fire quickly reach the Higher spheres, a person receives the fulfillment of his desires, according to his karma, of course. In other words, this substance itself can make decisions in certain situations related to a person. She can help a person if she sees fit.
Fire has courage and dedication. He deliberately allows his energy to be used. To accelerate the embodiment of what a person has planned in real life, he fills the usual energy of his thoughts with his energy of Fire, gives him his energy free of charge. If you come into contact with her, then she will fulfill or help fulfill the most daring decisions of a person. The desired quickly enters into the Fiery Program of the Future Man, and the ways of its realization in reality are quickly built.
But Fire will help a person only if he wants to do it himself. It is impossible to force the Reasonable energy of Fire to work for oneself, even if a person is ready to show violence and violate the Cosmic laws.
There is another component in the Stream of Fire that is not visible in the physical world. It is she who is the main one in the Release of Fire. This component of the highest vibrations is the Divine energy of Fire. It is she who gives life to all life on Earth.
Buildings made of any material retain on themselves the burning part of the energy of the Solar stream. But the Divine energy of Fire penetrates through any thickness of obstacles. It penetrates everywhere, even deep underground. Even worms use its power. Plants use it for their growth and photosynthesis. This type of energy has the right to be introduced into everything on earth without permission. If the Sun warms the earth, but its energy does not contain this component, biological life on the planet will stop.
When the rays of the Sun penetrate the human body, it is this energy that accelerates the processes of energy exchange within a person and contributes to the correct metabolism. It is she who remains in the body in order for synthesis to occur, and the body, using her power, produced new substances necessary for its vital activity.
On her own, she does not enter into conscious contact with a person even when he is in the sun. But if he made contact with the Release of Fire on Earth, he will interact with him. It is this energy that enters his body during the work of a person with the Release of Fire. It enters through the skin and through its channels, which go into the extracellular space. The action takes place carefully, in proportion to the content of the Fire Element in the human body.
A person can control the Fire Element in his body with the help of the Fire Release. You can gradually build up the presence of this Element in your body, and then the Divine flow of Fire energy in large quantities will calmly enter the human body, pass through it and go out into Space. In this case, Fire will not be able to harm the body, the body will not ignite, since the energy will be adapted initially and the process of its entry into the body will be impulsive, not constant, as needed or at the invitation of a person.
In this case, a healing effect will appear, since all "swampy formations" in the human body, emotional and energetic pollution will be destroyed, and his intercellular space will be filled with vital energy.
The divine component of the energy of Fire carries in itself the Personal inner Program of fire, I, which connects it with the Release of Fire, the Program due to which there is Fire, visible and invisible.
This connection is permanent. Even when Fire becomes a material Element and the Fire Element has no right to direct it, the connection of the internal Fire Program with its Element is preserved.
Thanks to this Personal program, the energy of Fire is self-sufficient and Fire, Fiery streams can exist even when they are not associated with the Release of Fire. What is impossible for other Elements - without connection with their Elements, they will cease to exist.
The solar stream is a part of the powerful energy of Fire manifested on planet Earth, covering the entire Universal space.
Spatial Fiery streams are carriers of information from the Highest instances. Only he can contain intelligent messages emanating from the Sun of All That Is. It is not for nothing that the idea of a superpowerful Spiritual Mind is associated in man with Fiery vibrations. This is known to the Initiates. There is also a Fiery World, where the Souls of people live in blissful, Divine energies until the next incarnation.
The fiery stream coming from the Center of our Spiritual Galaxy has a particularly powerful effect on people during solar eclipses.
In the Solar Eclipse on February 26, 1998, the Fire brought to the Earth a seed of awakening, which touched the Consciousness of every person, and those who were ready to perceive it began to change their Consciousness, perception of life and their ideals. For all mankind, it marked the beginning of the Transitional Period, to prepare mankind to enter a new level of material life.
At this time, the planet itself was already in the streams of energies of the Fourth Dimension. All living things on it were rebuilt under new vibrations with the help of all the Elements that worked with their Elements in the Nature of the Earth. People who did not have a connection with the Elements could not adapt to the unusual currents into which the Earth entered, according to the Cosmic laws of the planet's development and biological life on it. It was necessary to draw the attention of mankind to this moment and awaken the desire to change something in your life.
The disappearance of the Sun in the sky, even for a short time, in broad daylight, always causes internal tension in people, even in those who did not see this strange phenomenon, but heard about it through the media. Any reasonable person would think about what this would mean. Since eclipses of the Sun are always accompanied by some negative events on Earth.
But it is not the eclipse that affects the Consciousness of man and Nature, but the Fiery streams that powerfully enter the Earth's atmosphere at those moments when it is closed from the rays of the Sun by the Moon. In those countries where this phenomenon can be observed, instead of the solar streams, the Spatial Fire breaks through and then spreads throughout the planet.
The Fiery stream itself does not and cannot bear any negative energy, but it excites in people and brings to the surface that which is deeply hidden in ordinary times, both good and bad.
It is not by chance that He appears. It is the very moment when the planets occupy a certain place, He can fulfill his mission, delivering information from the Higher powers to the Earth in order to open another door to the Future of humanity.
Eclipses are sometimes intermediate, preparatory. This was the Solar Eclipse on August 19, 1999. The fiery stream from Space intensified the action of the previous one and transferred people's lives to a new, faster rhythm of life.
The eclipse on August 1, 2008 is very important in changing the Consciousness of all people inhabiting planet Earth. It has already been prepared by the previous Fiery streams that have entered the planet over the past decade. This eclipse is the most important in the Transitional Period, as it contains the Program of the competent behavior of people for the remaining period of time before the impending powerful changes that await them.
He gave the planet a power that was not there before. Now the Earth will be able to direct the processes taking place on it in order to stop in time those people who, due to the weakness and pollution of their Consciousness, want to destroy those who interfere with them and the entire planet at the same time. The Earth has acquired the power with which it is ready, together with advanced humanity, to render harmless the enemies of humanity. Separate conflicts of a regional scale, at this point in time, are natural and will occur, but without global consequences.
During the last eclipse, with the help of the energy brought to the Earth by the Fiery stream, the Program for the further development of mankind, recorded in the Fiery World, was activated. This situation could happen because the Astral world closest to the Earth and people has changed. It has become cleaner. In addition, the thinking of many people has changed in a positive direction, which has changed the field of Consciousness of the planet, made it purer and stronger. Individual Personalities, now known to all Spiritual Societies, work at the limit of physical and energetic forces in order for this situation to develop in a positive direction.
But besides this, the Fiery stream performed the same task as the two previous ones - to wake up everyone who was still asleep, so that a person could hear his Soul - his intuition and join in the general transformation of Spirit and Consciousness. For the largest possible number of people to solve their most global problem on Earth for their Soul.
This is the eclipse of the Sun as a powerful call for Transformation and for everyone on Earth to take the side of life, goodness and an uncompromising struggle with their sinful character traits. All this can happen when a person realizes the need for such actions.
During a solar eclipse, magical actions are the same as during a lunar eclipse, but with the opposite result. During a Solar Eclipse, there are Fiery streams that carry information to the Earth and affect each person, revealing in him what lies deep inside his Personality. They bring it to the surface and give it the opportunity to realize, and if there is a need to remove everything that interferes with it. It can be fear, jealousy, a desire to be sick in order to attract attention. Other vices, which he himself did not notice, suddenly become visible, and he can realize them. If this happens, then these deep vibrations disappear. If not, then they go back to their place.
Spatial Fiery currents, going at the moment when the Sun has lost its power of impact on the Earth, excite the Consciousness of people and the Consciousness of the planet. Cleanse it. But at the same time, the very moment of purification can pass through earthly cataclysms and suffering of people, not random people. The Spatial Fire is very powerful, and not all karmically polluted people can come into contact with it without consequences, sometimes catastrophic for themselves. At these moments, the Astral bodies of all people on Earth are spontaneously cleared of a part of karma, since the Fiery stream touches them exactly. A person can feel this through malaise or a painful condition. This is a difficult, but benign moment for his Soul. It will pass within a day, and good consequences will affect the whole life.
Most people calmly endure this fiery meeting.
The Spatial Fire does not pass through the body of a person without an invitation, but if a person has enough knowledge to get in touch with it, then at the moments of Solar eclipses, without even seeing them, he can consciously cleanse himself of karma with the help of this Fire - instantly. With its help, remove the karmic pollution of your children, working with Repentance and Forgiveness in those minutes when it occurs anywhere in the world. For a total solar eclipse, these properties are especially characteristic.
In addition, at the moments of a total solar eclipse, the karmic pollution of the planet is purified, its Astral body and, accordingly, the Astral world is also purified. This action is especially noticeable over the past decade, when there were three powerful solar eclipses.
Fiery energy from Space always has a revitalizing effect on the Earth and its inhabitants, but it manifests itself quite harshly. The fire coming from Space during solar eclipses is like a scalpel of a surgeon who saves the whole body by extracting what was carrying death. Giver of life, but through suffering inevitable in this case.
The number of disasters and deaths, wars and terrorist acts is increasing. All these phenomena are connected not with what the stream carries, but with the Consciousness of people for a running period of time. When the planetary Consciousness is purified and people lead a more humane way of life, Solar eclipses will have a different character of impact on people and Nature - only positive.
The Spatial Fire, which came to Earth from the Sun of All That Is, on August 2, 2008, brought to people living in those places where the Solar Eclipse was seen the power of thought that can change their lives, prosperity and Spiritual revival of the region. (The capital, which entered the zone of his action, personified the entire Republic). People with open hearts are embraced by this process in all countries and continents.
Now Time on Earth will go even faster. Time, as you know, is measured by events, and there will be a lot of events, and significant, especially in the regions consecrated by the eclipse.
There are also other Spatial streams coming from the Center of the Spiritual Galaxy. Known to mankind is the Divine Spatial Fire, the Blessed Fire, which comes to Earth once a year. This takes place on Holy Saturday before Christian Easter. He is of a different quality - soft and does not carry indignation inside a person, on the contrary, he tries it on with himself and directs him to faith in the Higher powers, which are always ready to help and support him in difficult times. This is the Fire that carries within itself the Program of help and knowledge, carrying harmonious soft cleansing, according to the Consciousness of a person. Fire, at the request of people, lights candles, but does not burn a person, does not burn anything around him.
Through this Fire, the Lord gives a person the news that Reason can exist without a material shell.
The Blessed Fire carries a message that all believers understand - human life on Earth will continue.
Solar streams and the human body.
As can be seen from the article, solar energy of many types can enter through its channels into the human body, partially remain in it, occupying its own niche - the intercellular space. The fire element is closely related to the air element, so closely that it even enters the human body through its channels. With each breath, a person inhales not only air, but also the Fire Element and the energy of fire (even if it happens at night or in the north), then, together with the air, it follows throughout his body in the intercellular space. But, unfortunately, not all the energy of fire can be perceived by a person and most of it, almost immediately, leaves the body on exhalation.
Modern people have lost touch with the Fire Release, which regulated the presence of fire energy in the human body. If a person consciously learns to "tie" fire to his cells, then his body will be able to receive a full portion of the sun's energy with each breath and use it for its own purposes, primarily in metabolism.
Fire can enter the community and become the sun only for a pure cell of the body, filling the space around it. The space near the dirty information cells is also polluted and the solar flow will spend its energy, first of all, to cleanse this space. When the goal is achieved, the sun calmly and evenly nourishes the cell with its energy, replenishing the spent, with each breath of a person. It gives energy to the distributor cage, and it gives to its sponsored cells. Fire comes into contact only with the cell membrane. The sun's energy is complementary. It helps cells to do their job, promotes cell multiplication. It does not regulate cell functions, but it can be used for healing.
A healer (any person) can use the energy of the sun to their advantage. Knowing that the Fire Element is always present in the human body, he can turn to the Fire Element with a request to cleanse and fill the body with the Fire Element so that each cell has its own sun. The presence of the Fire Element in the body of a modern person is unjustifiably underestimated, which leads to "swampy accumulations", decreased efficiency and increased susceptibility to colds. It is advisable to restore the content of the Fire Element in the human body, since its very presence in the body is already a powerful defense against these problems.
With the help of the Release of Fire, all extracellular formations are cleared - tumors, cysts, which are based on a liquid substance.
Most of the Fire Element is found in the Respiratory system and the gastrointestinal tract. In the Bone and Cardiovascular system.
If a person is harmonious and protected by his biofield, then the negative impact of planets and stars is neutralized, and he practically does not feel either the influence of the Moon or the influence of the Sun (we mean the energy impact). In order to almost completely exclude the influence of solar flares and the powerful field of the Moon, you must have a strong physical body.
The sun is necessary for the human body to carry out the life processes that take place in it. The more a person can be in the streams of the sun, the more the energy of the sun penetrates into him, increasing vitality and physical strength. Improving metabolic processes inside the body. Without the sun, the body will ache and wither. But it is necessary to be able to use the flow coming from the Sun correctly, since an overdose of this energy can kill a person. It is necessary to know the hours when the Sun is useful and when it is harmful to a person. This is sacred knowledge, but at the level of intuition, a person has always understood them.
Imagine hearing the announcer's words in the weather forecast: “Tomorrow the wind will increase dramatically. In this regard, interruptions in the operation of radio, mobile communications and the Internet are possible. A space mission has been postponed in the United States. Intense auroras are expected in the north of Russia ... ”.
You will be surprised: what nonsense, what does the wind have to do with it? And the fact is that you missed the beginning of the forecast: “Last night there was a solar flare. A powerful stream of the solar wind moves to the Earth ... ".
Ordinary wind is the movement of air particles (molecules of oxygen, nitrogen and other gases). A stream of particles rushes from the Sun too. It is called the solar wind. If you do not delve into hundreds of cumbersome formulas, calculations and heated scientific disputes, then, in general, the picture looks like this.
Inside our luminary, thermonuclear reactions are taking place, heating this huge ball of gases. The temperature of the outer layer - the solar corona - reaches a million degrees. This makes the atoms move at such a speed that, when they collide, they smash each other to smithereens. It is known that the heated gas tends to expand, to occupy a larger volume. Something similar is happening here. Particles of hydrogen, helium, silicon, sulfur, iron and other substances scatter in all directions.
They are gaining ever greater speed and in about six days they reach the near-earth boundaries. Even if the sun was calm, the speed of the solar wind here reaches 450 kilometers per second. Well, when the solar flare erupts a huge fiery bubble of particles, their speed can reach 1200 kilometers per second! And you can't call it a refreshing "breeze" - about 200 thousand degrees.
Does a person feel the solar wind?
Indeed, since the stream of hot particles rushes constantly, why don't we feel how it "blows" over us? Let's say the particles are so small that the skin does not feel their touch. But they are not noticed even by terrestrial devices. Why?
Because the Earth is protected from solar vortices by its magnetic field. The stream of particles, as it were, flows around it and rushes on. Only on days when solar emissions are especially powerful does our magnetic shield have a hard time. A solar hurricane blows through it and bursts into the upper atmosphere. Alien particles summon. The magnetic field is sharply deformed, forecasters talk about "magnetic storms". 
Because of them, space satellites go out of control. Airplanes disappear from the radar screens. Radio waves are interfered with and communication is disrupted. On such days, satellite dishes are turned off, flights are canceled, "communication" with spacecraft is interrupted. An electric current is suddenly generated in power grids, railroad rails, pipelines. From this, traffic light signals switch by themselves, gas pipelines rust, disconnected electrical appliances burn out. Plus, thousands of people feel discomfort and ailments.
The cosmic effects of the solar wind can be detected not only during solar flares: it, albeit weaker, but blows constantly.
It has long been noted that the comet's tail grows as it approaches the Sun. It causes the frozen gases that form the cometary nucleus to evaporate. And the solar wind carries these gases in the form of a plume, always directed in the direction opposite to the Sun. So the earthly wind unfolds the smoke from the chimney and gives it one form or another.
In the years of increased activity, the exposure of the Earth to galactic cosmic rays drops sharply. The solar wind is gaining such strength that it simply sweeps them to the outskirts of the planetary system.
There are planets that have very weak magnetic fields, or even none at all (for example, on Mars). Here, nothing prevents the solar wind from walking. Scientists believe that it was he who almost "blew" its atmosphere from Mars for hundreds of millions of years. Because of this, the orange planet lost sweat and water and, possibly, living organisms.
Where does the solar wind subside?
Nobody knows the exact answer yet. Particles fly to the vicinity of the Earth, gaining speed. Then it gradually falls, but it seems that the wind reaches the farthest corners of the solar system. Somewhere there it weakens and is inhibited by the rarefied interstellar matter.
So far, astronomers cannot say exactly how far this is going. To answer, you need to catch the particles, flying farther and farther from the Sun, until they cease to come across. By the way, the limit where this happens can be considered the boundary of the solar system. 
Spacecraft, which are periodically launched from our planet, are equipped with traps for the solar wind. In 2016, the streams of the solar wind were captured on video. Who knows if he will not become the same familiar "character" of weather reports as our old friend - the earthly wind?
Figure 1. Helisphere
Figure 2. Solar flare.
The solar wind is a continuous flow of plasma of solar origin, propagating approximately radially from the Sun and filling the solar system up to heliocentric distances of the order of 100 AU. SV is formed during the gas-dynamic expansion of the solar corona into interplanetary space.
Average characteristics of the solar wind in the Earth's orbit: speed 400 km / s, proton density - 6 per 1, proton temperature 50,000 K, electron temperature 150,000 K, magnetic field strength 5 · oersted. Solar wind streams can be divided into two classes: slow - with a speed of about 300 km / s and fast - with a speed of 600-700 km / s. The solar wind arising over areas of the Sun with different orientations of the magnetic field, forms streams with differently oriented interplanetary magnetic field - the so-called sector structure of the interplanetary magnetic field.
The interplanetary sector structure is the division of the observed large-scale structure of the Solar Wind into an even number of sectors with different directions of the radial component of the interplanetary magnetic field.
The characteristics of the Solar wind (speed, temperature, concentration of particles, etc.) also, on average, regularly change in the cross section of each sector, which is associated with the existence of a fast flow of the Solar wind inside the sector. Sector boundaries are usually located within the slow flow of the Solar Wind. Most often, two or four sectors are observed rotating with the Sun. This structure, formed when the solar wind pulls the large-scale magnetic field of the corona, can be observed during several solar revolutions. The sectorial structure is a consequence of the existence of a current sheet in the interplanetary medium, which rotates with the Sun. The current sheet creates a jump in the magnetic field: above the layer, the radial component of the interplanetary magnetic field has one sign, below it - another. The current sheet is located approximately in the plane of the solar equator and has a folded structure. The rotation of the Sun leads to the twisting of the folds of the current sheet in a spiral (the so-called "ballerina effect"). Being near the plane of the ecliptic, the observer turns out to be either above or below the current sheet, due to which he finds himself in sectors with different signs of the radial component of the interplanetary magnetic field.
When the Solar wind flows around obstacles that can effectively deflect the Solar wind (the magnetic fields of Mercury, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn or the conducting ionospheres of Venus and, apparently, Mars), a bow shock wave is formed. The solar wind is decelerated and heated at the front of the shock wave, which allows it to flow around the obstacle. In this case, a cavity is formed in the solar wind - a magnetosphere, the shape and size of which is determined by the balance between the pressure of the planet's magnetic field and the pressure of the flowing plasma stream. The thickness of the shock front is about 100 km. In the case of the interaction of the Solar Wind with a non-conducting body (the Moon), a shock wave does not arise: the plasma flow is absorbed by the surface, and a cavity gradually filled with the Solar wind plasma forms behind the body.
The stationary process of corona plasma outflow is superimposed on non-stationary processes associated with solar flares. With strong solar flares, matter is ejected from the lower regions of the corona into the interplanetary medium. In this case, a shock wave is also formed, which gradually slows down as it moves through the solar wind plasma.
The arrival of the shock wave to the Earth leads to compression of the magnetosphere, after which the development of a magnetic storm usually begins.
The solar wind extends to a distance of about 100 AU, where the pressure of the interstellar medium balances the dynamic pressure of the solar wind. The cavity swept out by the solar wind in the interstellar medium forms the heliosphere. The solar wind, together with the magnetic field frozen into it, prevents the penetration of galactic cosmic rays of low energies into the solar system and leads to variations in cosmic rays of high energies.
A phenomenon similar to the solar wind has been found in some types of other stars (stellar wind).
The flow of energy from the Sun, fueled by a thermonuclear reaction at its center, is fortunately extremely stable, unlike most other stars. Most of it is eventually emitted from the Sun's thin surface layer - the photosphere - in the form of visible and infrared electromagnetic waves. The solar constant (the magnitude of the solar energy flux in the Earth's orbit) is 1370 W /. You can imagine that for every square meter of the Earth's surface there is the power of one electric kettle. Above the photosphere is the Sun's crown - a zone visible from Earth only during solar eclipses and filled with rarefied and hot plasma with a temperature of millions of degrees.
This is the most unstable shell of the Sun, in which the main manifestations of solar activity, affecting the Earth, originate. The shaggy view of the Sun's corona demonstrates the structure of its magnetic field - luminous clumps of plasma are elongated along the lines of force. Hot plasma flowing from the corona forms the solar wind - a stream of ions (consisting of 96% of hydrogen nuclei - protons and 4% of helium nuclei - alpha particles) and electrons, accelerating into interplanetary space at a speed of 400-800 km / s ...
The solar wind stretches and carries away the solar magnetic field.
This is because the energy of the directed motion of the plasma in the outer corona is greater than the energy of the magnetic field, and the principle of freezing-in entrains the field behind the plasma. The combination of such a radial outflow with the rotation of the Sun (and the magnetic field is "attached" to its surface) leads to the formation of a spiral structure of the interplanetary magnetic field - the so-called Parker's spiral.
The solar wind and magnetic field fill the entire solar system, and thus the Earth and all other planets are actually in the sun's corona, experiencing not only electromagnetic radiation, but also the solar wind and solar magnetic field.
During the period of minimum activity, the configuration of the solar magnetic field is close to dipole and is similar to the shape of the Earth's magnetic field. As the activity reaches its maximum, the structure of the magnetic field becomes more complicated for reasons that are not entirely clear. One of the most beautiful hypotheses says that when the Sun rotates, the magnetic field seems to wind on it, gradually sinking under the photosphere. Over time, during just a solar cycle, the magnetic flux accumulated under the surface becomes so large that the bundles of lines of force begin to be pushed outward.
The places where the field lines emerge form spots on the photosphere and magnetic loops in the corona, which are visible as regions of increased plasma glow in X-ray images of the Sun. The magnitude of the field inside sunspots reaches 0.01 Tesla, a hundred times greater than the field of the quiet Sun.
Intuitively, the energy of the magnetic field can be associated with the length and number of lines of force: the more of them, the higher the energy. When approaching the solar maximum, the enormous energy accumulated in the field begins to periodically explosively release, spending on the acceleration and heating of the particles of the solar corona.
Sharp intense bursts of short-wave electromagnetic radiation from the Sun accompanying this process are called solar flares. On the Earth's surface, flares are recorded in the visible range as small increases in the brightness of individual parts of the solar surface.
However, even the first measurements carried out on board spacecraft showed that the most noticeable effect of flares is a significant (up to hundreds of times) increase in the flux of solar X-ray radiation and energetic charged particles - solar cosmic rays.
During some flares, significant amounts of plasma and magnetic field are also ejected into the solar wind - the so-called magnetic clouds, which begin to expand rapidly into interplanetary space, retaining the shape of a magnetic loop with ends resting on the Sun.
The plasma density and the magnitude of the magnetic field inside the cloud are tens of times higher than the values of these parameters in the solar wind typical for quiet times.
Despite the fact that during a large flare up to 1025 joules of energy can be released, the total increase in the energy flux at the solar maximum is small and amounts to only 0.1-0.2%.
On September 28, a strong magnetic storm (level 3 on a five-point scale) occurs on Earth due to the hit of our planet in a stream of fast solar wind. This is evidenced by data from the ACE spacecraft, located on the Sun-Earth line at the point of gravitational equilibrium L1, reports the Laboratory of X-ray Astronomy of the Sun, FIAN.
Sun, 28 September 2017. Image from SDO website
The solar wind, the intensified impact of which our planet is now experiencing, is a plasma flow that continuously flows out of the sun's atmosphere in all directions and fills the entire solar system. The solar wind speed increases with distance from the Sun and at the level of the Earth's orbit averages about 400 km / sec. If the sun were a perfectly symmetrical object without any peculiarities, the solar wind speed would be constant. However, since there are centers of activity on the Sun, as well as areas of higher and lower temperatures, this is reflected in the speed of the outgoing plasma flows - it can both increase and decrease in relation to the average value. Paradoxical as it sounds, the fastest streams of the solar wind flow from the coldest parts of the solar corona, which look darker due to the lower temperature and for this reason are called coronal holes.
Since coronal holes often "live" for several revolutions of the Sun (that is, for several months), the fast wind flows they produce are also stable formations. Some of them hit the Earth several times during this time - with each rotation of the Sun towards the Earth with the corresponding side. Magnetic storms arising from such impacts are repetitive - they are separated by a step of 27 days, which coincides with the period of the Sun's rotation. This makes it possible to predict such storms 27 days in advance, that is, it is the basis for a long-term forecast.
The Earth entered a stream of fast wind yesterday at about 9:00 Moscow time, when the speed of the surrounding plasma increased from 300-350 km / s (the level at which it was kept for the last days) to about 500 km / s. The first contact with the stream turned the Earth's magnetic field into a disturbed state, in which it was until the end of the day. At about midnight, the speed of the solar wind blowing over the Earth increased to 650-700 km / s, and is now at this level, which is almost 2 times higher than the average value. Apparently, at the moment our planet is passing through the fastest part of the stream and is experiencing the greatest impact. The level of fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field, which takes on the main impact, now corresponds to the level Kp = 7, which is classified as a strong magnetic storm.
Based on the angular size of the stream, the Earth will remain inside it for about a day. During all this time, the probability of disturbances in the magnetic field of our planet will be significantly increased. Nevertheless, the storm seems to be passing its maximum right now and will no longer be able to reach a higher level. The Earth's magnetic field should completely calm down by the middle of tomorrow, September 29.
In 1957, Professor of the University of Chicago E. Parker theoretically predicted the phenomenon, which was named "solar wind". It took two years for this prediction to be confirmed experimentally with the help of instruments installed on the Soviet spacecraft "Luna-2" and "Luna-3" by KI Gringauz's group. What is this phenomenon?
The solar wind is a stream of fully ionized hydrogen gas, usually called fully ionized hydrogen plasma due to the approximately equal density of electrons and protons (quasi-neutrality condition), which accelerates away from the Sun. In the area of the Earth's orbit (at one astronomical unit or, at 1 AU from the Sun), its velocity reaches an average value VE "400-500 km / s at a proton temperature TE" 100,000K and a slightly higher electron temperature (the "E" index here and in further refers to the Earth's orbit). At such temperatures, the speed is significantly higher than the speed of sound by 1 AU, i.e. the solar wind flux in the region of the Earth's orbit is supersonic (or hypersonic). The measured concentration of protons (or electrons) is rather small and amounts to n E »10–20 particles per cubic centimeter. In addition to protons and electrons, alpha particles (of the order of several percent of the concentration of protons), a small amount of heavier particles, as well as an interplanetary magnetic field, the average induction of which turned out to be in the Earth's orbit of the order of several gammas (1g = 10 –5 gauss).
The collapse of the concept of a static solar corona.
For quite a long time, it was believed that all stellar atmospheres are in a state of hydrostatic equilibrium, i.e. in a state where the force of gravitational attraction of a given star is balanced by the force associated with a pressure gradient (a change in pressure in the star's atmosphere at a distance r from the center of the star. Mathematically, this equilibrium is expressed in the form of an ordinary differential equation,
where G- gravitational constant, M* - the mass of the star, p and r - pressure and mass density at some distance r from the star. Expressing the mass density from the equation of state for an ideal gas
R= r RT
through pressure and temperature and integrating the resulting equation, we obtain the so-called barometric formula ( R- gas constant), which in the particular case of constant temperature T has the form
where p 0 - represents the pressure at the base of the star's atmosphere (at r = r 0). Since before Parker's work it was believed that the solar atmosphere, like the atmospheres of other stars, is in a state of hydrostatic equilibrium, its state was determined by similar formulas. Taking into account the unusual and not yet fully understood phenomenon of a sharp increase in temperature from about 10,000 K on the surface of the Sun to 1,000,000 K in the solar corona, S. Chapman developed the theory of a static solar corona, which was supposed to smoothly transition into the local interstellar medium surrounding the Solar system. From this it followed that, according to S. Chapman's ideas, the Earth, which revolves around the Sun, is immersed in a static solar corona. This point of view has long been shared by astrophysicists.
These established notions were hit by Parker. He drew attention to the fact that the pressure at infinity (at r® Ґ), which is obtained from the barometric formula, is almost 10 times higher than the pressure that was accepted at that time for the local interstellar medium. To eliminate this discrepancy, E. Parker suggested that the solar corona cannot be in hydrostatic equilibrium, but must continuously expand into the interplanetary medium surrounding the Sun, i.e. radial velocity V the solar corona is not zero. At the same time, instead of the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium, he proposed to use the hydrodynamic equation of motion of the form, where M E is the mass of the Sun.
At a given temperature distribution T, as a function of the distance from the Sun, the solution of this equation using the barometric formula for pressure and the equation of conservation of mass in the form
can be interpreted as a solar wind and it is with the help of this solution with the transition from a subsonic flow (at r r *) to supersonic (at r > r*) pressure can be matched R with pressure in the local interstellar medium, and, therefore, it is this decision, called the solar wind, that is carried out in nature.
The first direct measurements of the parameters of interplanetary plasma, which were carried out on the first spacecraft that entered interplanetary space, confirmed the correctness of Parker's idea of the presence of a supersonic solar wind, and it turned out that already in the region of the Earth's orbit, the speed of the solar wind is much higher than the speed of sound. Since then, there is no doubt that Chapman's idea of the hydrostatic equilibrium of the solar atmosphere is erroneous, and the solar corona is continuously expanding at supersonic speed into interplanetary space. Somewhat later, astronomical observations showed that many other stars also have "stellar winds" similar to the solar wind.
Despite the fact that the solar wind was predicted theoretically on the basis of a spherically symmetric hydrodynamic model, the phenomenon itself turned out to be much more complicated.
What is the real picture of the movement of the solar wind? For a long time, the solar wind was considered spherically symmetric, i.e. independent of solar latitude and longitude. Since the spacecraft until 1990, when the Ulysses spacecraft was launched, mainly flew in the plane of the ecliptic, measurements on such spacecraft gave the distribution of solar wind parameters only in this plane. Calculations based on observations of the deviation of comet tails indicated an approximate independence of the solar wind parameters from solar latitude; however, this conclusion based on cometary observations was not sufficiently reliable due to the difficulties in interpreting these observations. Although the longitudinal dependence of the solar wind parameters was measured by instruments installed on spacecraft, nevertheless, it was either insignificant and was associated with an interplanetary magnetic field of solar origin, or with short-term nonstationary processes on the Sun (mainly with solar flares).
Measurements of the parameters of plasma and magnetic field in the plane of the ecliptic showed that so-called sector structures with different parameters of the solar wind and different directions of the magnetic field can exist in interplanetary space. Such structures rotate with the Sun and clearly indicate that they are a consequence of a similar structure in the solar atmosphere, the parameters of which depend, therefore, on solar longitude. The four-sector structure is qualitatively shown in Fig. 1.
In this case, ground-based telescopes detect the general magnetic field on the surface of the Sun. Its average value is estimated at 1 G, although in some photospheric formations, for example, in sunspots, the magnetic field can be orders of magnitude larger. Since plasma is a good conductor of electricity, the solar magnetic fields in one way or another interact with the solar wind due to the appearance of the ponderomotive force j ґ B... This force is small in the radial direction, i.e. it practically does not affect the distribution of the radial component of the solar wind; however, its projection onto the direction perpendicular to the radial direction leads to the appearance of a tangential component of the velocity in the solar wind. Although this component is almost two orders of magnitude smaller than the radial, it plays a significant role in the removal of the angular momentum from the Sun. Astrophysicists suggest that the latter circumstance may play a significant role in the evolution of not only the Sun, but also other stars in which a stellar wind has been detected. In particular, to explain the sharp decrease in the angular velocity of stars of the late spectral type, the hypothesis of the transfer of rotational moment by them to the planets formed around them is often used. The considered mechanism of the loss of the angular momentum of the Sun through the outflow of plasma from it in the presence of a magnetic field opens up the possibility of revising this hypothesis.
Measurements of the average magnetic field not only in the region of the Earth's orbit, but also at large heliocentric distances (for example, on the Voyager 1 and 2 and Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft) showed that in the ecliptic plane, which almost coincides with the plane of the solar equator , its magnitude and direction are well described by the formulas
obtained by Parker. In these formulas describing the so-called Parker Archimedes spiral, the quantities B r, B j are the radial and azimuthal components of the magnetic induction vector, respectively, W is the angular velocity of the Sun's rotation, V- the radial component of the solar wind, the index "0" refers to the point of the solar corona at which the magnitude of the magnetic field is known.
The launch by the European Space Agency in October 1990 of the Ulysses spacecraft, whose trajectory was calculated in such a way that it is currently orbiting the Sun in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, has completely changed the idea that the solar wind is spherically symmetric. In fig. 2 shows the distributions of the radial velocity and density of the solar wind protons as a function of solar latitude, measured on the Ulysses spacecraft.
This figure shows a strong latitudinal dependence of the solar wind parameters. It turned out that the solar wind speed increases, and the proton density decreases with heliographic latitude. And if in the ecliptic plane the radial velocity is on average ~ 450 km / sec, and the proton density is ~ 15 cm –3, then, for example, at 75 ° solar latitude these values are ~ 700 km / sec and ~ 5 cm –3, respectively. The dependence of solar wind parameters on latitude is less pronounced during periods of minimum solar activity.
Non-stationary processes in the solar wind.
The model proposed by Parker assumes the spherical symmetry of the solar wind and the independence of its parameters from time (stationarity of the phenomenon under consideration). However, the processes occurring on the Sun, generally speaking, are not stationary, and therefore, the solar wind is not stationary either. The characteristic times of variation of the parameters have very different scales. In particular, there are changes in the parameters of the solar wind associated with the 11-year cycle of solar activity. In fig. 3 shows the average (over 300 days) dynamic solar wind pressure (r V 2) in the region of the Earth's orbit (by 1 AU) during one 11-year solar cycle of solar activity (upper part of the figure). At the bottom of Fig. 3 shows the change in the number of sunspots from 1978 to 1991 (the maximum number corresponds to the maximum solar activity). It can be seen that the solar wind parameters change significantly over a characteristic time of about 11 years. At the same time, measurements on the Ulysses spacecraft showed that such changes occur not only in the ecliptic plane, but also at other heliographic latitudes (at the poles, the dynamic pressure of the solar wind is slightly higher than at the equator).
Changes in the parameters of the solar wind can occur on much smaller time scales. For example, solar flares and different velocities of plasma outflow from different regions of the solar corona lead to the formation of interplanetary shock waves in interplanetary space, which are characterized by a sharp jump in velocity, density, pressure, and temperature. The mechanism of their formation is qualitatively shown in Fig. 4. When a fast flow of any gas (for example, solar plasma) catches up with a slower one, then at the point of their contact an arbitrary discontinuity of gas parameters arises, on which the laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy are not satisfied. Such a discontinuity cannot exist in nature and breaks up, in particular, into two shock waves (on which the laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy lead to the so-called Hugoniot relations) and a tangential discontinuity (the same conservation laws lead to the fact that the pressure and the normal component of the velocity should be continuous). In fig. 4 this process is shown in a simplified form of a spherically symmetric flare. It should be noted here that such structures, consisting of a forward shock, a tangential discontinuity, and a second shock wave (reverse shock) move from the Sun in such a way that the shock forward moves at a speed greater than the speed of the solar wind, the reverse shock moves from the Sun with a speed slightly less than the speed of the solar wind, and the speed of the tangential discontinuity is equal to the speed of the solar wind. Such structures are regularly recorded by instruments installed on spacecraft.
Changes in solar wind parameters with distance from the sun.
The change in the speed of the solar wind with distance from the Sun is determined by two forces: the force of solar gravity and the force associated with the change in pressure (pressure gradient). Since the force of gravity decreases as the square of the distance from the Sun, its influence is insignificant at large heliocentric distances. Calculations show that already in the Earth's orbit, its influence, as well as the influence of the pressure gradient, can be neglected. Consequently, the speed of the solar wind can be considered almost constant. Moreover, it significantly exceeds the speed of sound (hypersonic flow). Then it follows from the above hydrodynamic equation for the solar corona that the density r decreases as 1 / r 2. The American spacecraft Voyager 1 and 2, Pioneer 10 and 11, launched in the mid-1970s and now located at a distance of several tens of astronomical units from the Sun, confirmed these ideas about the parameters of the solar wind. They also confirmed the theoretically predicted Parker Archimedes spiral for the interplanetary magnetic field. However, the temperature does not follow the adiabatic cooling law as the solar corona expands. At very large distances from the Sun, the solar wind even tends to warm up. This heating can be due to two reasons: the dissipation of energy associated with plasma turbulence and the influence of neutral hydrogen atoms penetrating into the solar wind from the interstellar medium surrounding the solar system. The second reason also leads to some deceleration of the solar wind at large heliocentric distances, found on the aforementioned spacecraft.
Conclusion.
Thus, the solar wind is a physical phenomenon that is not only of purely academic interest associated with the study of processes in plasma in the natural conditions of outer space, but also a factor that must be taken into account when studying the processes occurring in the vicinity of the Earth, since these processes to one degree or another have an impact on our lives. In particular, high-speed streams of the solar wind, flowing around the Earth's magnetosphere, affect its structure, and non-stationary processes on the Sun (for example, flares) can lead to magnetic storms that disrupt radio communications and affect the well-being of meteosensitive people. Since the solar wind originates in the solar corona, its properties in the region of the Earth's orbit are a good indicator for studying solar-terrestrial relations, which are important for human practical activity. However, this is already another area of scientific research, which we will not touch upon in this article.
Vladimir Baranov
