We insulate the water pipe on the street. How to insulate water supply pipes on the street? Selection of pipes - their size material

Water supply at home is an objective condition for the normal living of its inhabitants. SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Water consumption rate by consumers" regulates water consumption in the range from 80 to 230 liters. per day per person. Consumption depends on the availability of centralized water supply, sewerage, bathroom or shower, the presence of a water heater and other factors.

In multi-storey and communal buildings, this issue is resolved by connecting to the central water supply system. For a private country house or summer cottage, you have to provide water supply yourself.

Of course, once you can bring water from an external source in the amount of needs is not difficult. But how to provide water for a family, for a long time?

This article will help to solve this problem, in which the types of water supply, schemes, systems and methods of their device are structured in detail. And also the nuances of doing the main types of work with your own hands are indicated.

Types and methods of water supply for a private house

From the standpoint of the dependence of the water supply source on external factors, two fundamentally different types of water delivery to the user can be distinguished:

Centralized water supply at home

In fact, the same autonomous, but within the region. In this case, the user does not need to worry about arranging the water supply source. It is enough to connect (bump) to the central water main.

Connecting the house to the central water supply

All actions are reduced to the step-by-step implementation of a number of requirements, including:

• appeal to the regional communal organization MPUVKH KP "Vodokanal" (Municipal Enterprise "Office of Water Supply and Sewerage"), which controls the central highway;

• obtaining the technical characteristics of the tie-in. The document contains data on the place of connection of the user's pipe system to the pipeline and its depth. In addition, the diameter of the main pipes is indicated there and, accordingly, instructions for the choice of home pipe routing. The indicator of water pressure (guaranteed water pressure) is also indicated here;

• get an estimate for the connection, which is developed by a communal or contractor organization;

• control the performance of work. Which are also usually performed by the CPC;

• perform system testing.

The advantages of central water supply: convenience, simplicity.

Disadvantages: fluctuating water pressure, questionable quality of incoming water, dependence on central supplies, high cost of water.

Autonomous water supply at home

It is possible to independently provide water supply to a summer cottage, a private or a country house using an autonomous water supply. In fact, this is an integrated approach, which includes measures for the installation of a water supply system, starting with providing a source of water intake, ending with its discharge into the sewer.

An autonomous water supply system can be represented in the form of two constituent subsystems:

• water delivery: imported, ground water, from an open source;

• supply to consumption points: by gravity, by means of a pump, with the arrangement of a pumping station.

Therefore, in a generalized form, two water supply schemes can be distinguished: gravity (storage tank with water) and automatic water supply.

Using the container (water tank)

The essence of the autonomous water supply scheme for a house is that water is supplied to the tank using a pump or is poured manually.

Water flows to the user by gravity. After all the water from the tank has been used up, it is re-recruited to the highest possible level.

This method is supported by its simplicity, it is suitable if water is required from time to time. For example, in a dacha that is not often visited or in a utility room.

Such a scheme for a water supply device, despite its simplicity and cheapness, is too primitive, inconvenient and, moreover, creates significant weight on the interfloor (attic) overlap. As a result, the system has not found widespread use; it is more suitable as a temporary option.

Using an automatic water supply system

This diagram demonstrates the procedure for the functioning of a fully autonomous water supply system for a private house. Water is supplied to the system and to the user using a system of components.

It is about her that we will talk in more detail.

You can implement a fully autonomous water supply for a private house on your own by implementing one of the schemes. There are several device options to choose from:

1. Water from open sources

These can be surface sources: ponds, rivers, lakes. In some cases, such sources can be water purification systems. But, in our country, they are not yet common.

Important! Water from most open sources is not drinkable. It can only be used for watering or other technical needs.

Obtaining water from an open source requires the creation of sanitary protection of water intake points and is regulated by the provisions of SanPiN 2.1.4.027-9 "Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines".

2. Water from underground sources: basins and aquifers

This water is, in most cases, suitable for consumption.

How to conduct water to a private house with your own hands

A step-by-step guide on the selection and arrangement of water supply in a country cottage or in the country from A to Z

The house water supply scheme consists of the following elements:

1. water source;
2. pipe system;
3. pump, accumulator, automation relay;
4. filters;
5. fittings, valves, check valves and plumbing fixtures;
6. water heating equipment (for hot water supply);
7. sewerage.

Element 1. Source of water

When starting to provide autonomous water supply, you should determine the source of water supply and equip it.

Among the subspecies of autonomous water supply with an underground source of water supply, there are:

1.1 ordinary well;

1.2 Abyssinian well;

1.3 well "on the sand";

1.4 artesian well.

The final choice will depend on the type and characteristics of the soil, the depth of water occurrence, and the productivity of the water vein.

1.1 Ordinary well

A traditional well is preferred when the water vein is at a depth of 4-15 m. These are the so-called interstratal water sources. In addition to the burial depth, it is important to determine the performance of the vein. The incoming water must be sufficient to meet the needs of the family and / or household. Through the well, you can ensure the flow of water at a level of 500 liters / day.

The undoubted advantages of the well are:

• independence from electricity supplies. So in the event of a power outage, water can be taken with a bucket;
• long service life (up to 50 years), which has been proven in practice;
• low cost of work;
• simplicity of the device.

It should be noted that in view of the insignificant depth of water intake, it may be of low quality. This is due to the likelihood of groundwater entering the well. Also, the well is characterized by drops in water level.

Important! When equipping a well, you need to correctly position it in terms of distance from ground structures. It should not be located close to buildings, the optimal distance is 5 m (this will prevent the erosion of the building's foundation). At the same time, the distance to direct sources of pollution (gutter, toilet, other sources) should be at least 50 m.

To dig a well, you need to perform a number of actions:

• take a water sample;

Important! Before you arrange a well on your site, try the water from your neighbors, or even better, take it for analysis. It may happen that the water is unusable and all efforts are wasted.

• get an opinion on the quality of the soil and the depth of the aquifer. In practice, wells are often dug by eye;

• determine the place of digging the well. To do this, you can attract specialists, use special devices - indicator frames. And you can watch the dew for several months. The largest accumulation of ross in a certain place indicates the proximity of water;

• choose a building material for finishing the walls of the well (mine). Most often, the following materials are used for these purposes:

Reinforced concrete rings that are made in factories or cast on their own. Their diameter is 1-1.5 lm, and the estimated service life is up to 50 years. The obvious advantage of using rings is the possibility of deepening up to 20 m, high speed and greater safety of work. In addition, rings are installed as work progresses;

Small-piece materials: brick, rubble stone. This material is suitable only for wells with a depth of no more than 3-4 m. Its use significantly increases the labor intensity of the work;

Treated logs. For the finishing of the wells, logs made of wood that are resistant to high humidity conditions are suitable. These include oak, larch, pine. The diameter of the logs must be at least 120 mm.

• dig a well shaft. To reduce the cost of work, this is usually done manually. You can determine the size of the mine in this way: measure the diameter of the concrete circles, measure their thickness and add 10-15 cm to the backfill. Then, with a circle diameter of 1 m and a thickness of 10 cm, the diameter of the shaft will be 1.4 m. If you plan to use another material, for example, a brick, then it is enough to indicate the desired diameter of the well and add to it two material thicknesses;

• finish the well - internal and external.

1.2 Abyssinian well

Water supply to a country house from an Abyssinian well or a needle-well is the easiest way to get water at minimal cost. To do this, it is enough to perform a number of actions:

• check the water;
• choose a place for the well;
• clog the needle well;
• install a check valve and a pump (manual or automatic).

The reason for the increased popularity of wells is in the purity of the incoming water, tightness, ease of drilling, the ability to connect a pump, and a long service life (up to 30 years), a significant amount of incoming water - more than 1000 l / day. Among the disadvantages are the shallow driving depth and dependence on the composition of the soil.

1.3 Well "on the sand"

In this case, water also comes from interstratal sources. A sand well makes it possible to obtain cleaner water, since the aquifers are located after the loam that filters the water.

Thus, the well is used if the depth of the aquifer reaches 40 m.

The well has a shorter operating life (up to 10 years) and allows to get up to 50 cubic meters. water per day. The well is distinguished by ease of drilling, less excavation.

A detailed description of how to make a well with graphic visualization is presented in the video

1.4 Artesian well

Allows the use of water from significant depths. The depth of the well reaches 150 m, which makes it possible to obtain high quality water. The unlimited supply of water is also an argument in favor of an artesian well. In this case, the service life of the well increases in comparison with the previous version up to 50 years.

The method of drilling an artesian well is identical to the previous one. The only difference is that a mechanical drilling method is used: auger, rotary, core or percussion-rope. The well structure is shown in the diagram.

Important! By law, artesian water is a strategic reserve of the state. Therefore, it becomes necessary to register an artesian well.

Element 2. Pipes for water supply

Water supply cannot be organized without installing a branched pipe system, both external and internal, and a water tank.

For wiring, galvanized, polyethylene, polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes are used.

Important! The use of plastic pipes will prevent rust and leakage. It is also more convenient for them to give the desired shape. The estimated service life of a polypropylene pipe is 50 years.

The outer pipes are buried in the ground.

Important! The depth of pipe laying depends on the level of soil freezing (indicated in SNiPs, for central Russia, the depth is about 1.5 m). The pipes are below this value. In this case, the system is not threatened by freezing and, as a result, deformation.

Advice. To prevent stagnation of water in the pipe, it must be laid at an angle to the house.

Then one end of the pipe is brought into the house (for this, a hole is left in the foundation, into which a steel pipe is placed. It will prevent deformation of the water supply pipe in case of shrinkage of the house). The second is lowered into the well.

Element 3. Pump or pumping station for water supply

The pump can be installed in the house (basement or utility room)

Or it can be installed in a caisson or a pit (directly above the well). The diagram shows the installation of a submersible pump and a surface pump in a caisson.

To get a caisson, you need to dig a hole 2-3 m deep. Lay a sand-crushed stone pillow on the bottom and fill it with concrete. It is convenient to lay out the walls with bricks. A pump is installed in the caisson, and the caisson contour is filled with concrete (a layer of about 0.4 m).

There are two types of pumps:

Submersible pumps. They are immersed in water (well, well) and raise the water. For convenience, such pumps are equipped with automatic equipment that allows you to pump water from the house.

Surface pumps. They are pumping stations equipped with a hydraulic accumulator and a relay.

The accumulator serves as a water tower.

Relay - regulates the pressure of the pumping station.

The principle of operation of a surface pump

The principle of operation is as follows: the pump supplies water to the accumulator, which accumulates it. After the water is turned on in the house, the pressure in the system decreases. After reaching a critical level of 2.2 bar, the relay turns on, which in turn turns on the pump. The pump supplies water to the accumulator until the pressure recovers at 3 bar. The relay then turns off the pump.

You can choose a pump based on the following data:

• depth of water occurrence (bottom of a well or well);
• the height of the water in the source shaft;
• the height of the draw-off point;
• volume of consumed water (cubic meter).

The water intake pipe of the pump is lowered into the source. To avoid pipe clogging, filters are installed on its edge.

Important! The pipe is installed at a distance of 20-40 cm from the bottom (gravel bed). The distance is determined by the height of the water at the source.

Advice. So that the pipe in a traditional well does not move, it must be fixed to a special pin located at the bottom.

Element 4. Filters for the water supply system

Cleaning the water entering the pipe system is an important aspect of the water supply at home. Two types of filters are used for cleaning:

The first is installed at the edge of a pipe placed in a well. It cleans water from mechanical impurities;

The second is located directly in the house and can be a complex multi-stage filter system. Water purification scheme in the figure.

Element 5. Fittings, valves and plumbing

These are the elements that are necessary for the tight connection of pipes to each other and to other devices.

Important! To prevent rupture of the system and water leakage, try to use only high-quality shut-off valves.

Plumbing fixtures include: taps, cisterns, water seals (siphons). It is also not worth saving on their quality.

Element 6. Water heating equipment

Will be needed if there is a need for hot water supply, i.e. almost always.

Important! To equip hot water supply, it is necessary to provide for the presence of a separate outlet to the heating device.

In this case, several options for choosing heating equipment are possible:

• double-circuit boiler. It will simultaneously heat water for heating and domestic needs;

• single-circuit boiler. Designed exclusively for heating water for the needs of users. This boiler relies on a boiler. In this case, the boiler can be storage or flow-through. In the first case, it becomes possible to heat a large volume of water;

• electric storage water heater, which allows meeting the hot water demand of a significant number of users;

• several instantaneous water heaters. They will heat water for each consumer separately. Such a system makes it possible to more efficiently consume electricity for heating water.

Element 7. Sewerage

After the place of discharge of the used water has been determined, the process of arranging the water supply can be considered complete.

Water drainage is a mandatory component and the more water is consumed, the more it needs to be diverted. So you need to approach this stage responsibly. There are also two options here:

• crash into the central sewer;

• equip your own autonomous sewage system. A septic tank or sump is designed to collect water. Concrete and plastic septic tanks are shown in the photo. And their volume and quantity (total volume) depends on the amount of water consumed.

The video explains the rules for building a septic tank for a country house.

The process of water supply from design to construction is shown in the video.

Conclusion

As you can see, there are different water supply schemes for a private house, from simple to complex, respectively, some will cost less, while others are more expensive. Also, the cost of water supply is influenced by the constructive soundness, i.e. you will need a water supply device that works periodically (temporarily) or all year round - in winter and summer. In any case, the implementation of each system is possible with your own hands, but requires knowledge and skills.

Water is the first thing that a person needs for normal living conditions. In high-rise buildings, special services take care of the supply of water to the housing even during construction, but in order to supply water to private property, you will have to work hard yourself. After all, living in a house without water is very inconvenient. How will you connect to the central water supply that runs not far from the site? Where to begin? Where to go and what work will be required for this? You can read about all this and watch a detailed video.

Benefits of connecting to a centralized water supply

1. Low costs for organizing a constant flow of water into the house - you do not need to worry about the delivery of water every day, for example, bring it from a well or an open source, order a delivery on special machines or install additional equipment in the house.
2. The presence of a constant pressure in the water supply system. If the head of the central system is sufficient for the operation of water-consuming household appliances, then there is no need to install an additional pump.
3. Quality control of incoming water by special services.

Before you start connecting to the water supply, you need to take care of the disposal of waste water. The ideal option is to connect to a centralized one. If there is none in the area where the house is located, you should take care of the construction of a reliable drainage pit or the installation of an autonomous sewage system.

Pipe laying

When the house is not a permanent place of residence, for example, it is a summer cottage, it is necessary to provide for a shutdown of the water and its complete drainage from the home water supply system. Such manipulation must be carried out if the home is left unattended for a long winter period.

Sometimes it happens that outdated equipment in the water supply system and the water pressure is not enough. In this case, an additional installation of a pump will be required, which will increase the pressure in the system.

Water is not properly treated at all water supply stations. It can also become contaminated again after passing through old, dirty pipes. In some cases, the use of such water can be the cause of disease. Therefore, it is advisable to equip your home water supply system with special filters. Then you cannot do without installing a pump, since it will be needed to maintain the required pressure, sufficient for the filters to be washed.

Advice. In any case, it is better to install water filters immediately after connecting, since even in central water supply systems, sanitary standards are not always observed and the quality of water can be questionable.

What documentation needs to be collected

• The act of work for the laying of the pipeline.
• Documents for hydraulic tests of the same pipeline.
• The act of flushing and disinfection of the water supply system.
• Installation help.

If some of the work will be performed independently, then you will additionally need:

• Act of work on digging a trench and sand filling.
• Sand filling act.
• Trench backfilling certificate.

To carry out work, you need to obtain permission

How to make a sidebar

1. At the water utility or at the land registration center plots draw up a site plan (scale 1: 500), which indicates all underground communications.
2. In the district water utility, a statement is written about the desire to connect to the water supply. Documents for house and land tenure are also provided here. After a month, the water utility service issues the connection conditions - the place of the branch connection, the diameter of the required pipe, etc.
3. With these documents, you need to contact the sanitary station and there draw up an application for obtaining an opinion on the insert.
4. In the project group of a vodokanal or another organization that has a license for this, on the basis of the connection conditions, you need to make a connection project.
5. This project is registered with the sanitary station.
6. Further, the district communal system, on the basis of the above documents, issues a permit for land work. In this case, the location of other underground utilities must be taken into account: gas supply pipes, telephone cables, etc.
7. Only licensed special services can lay pipes and cut into the system. You can always get a list of such organizations in the vodokanal.

After choosing the installation team, it is necessary to conclude an agreement with them for connecting to the water supply and installing the meter.

Attention! It is strictly forbidden to independently crash into the plumbing system and install meters. They themselves are allowed to carry out only unlicensed work, namely: digging a trench, sanding and burying a trench after a tie-in.

After all that has been done, representatives of the water utility inspect the work and draw up an act of commissioning.

What work is carried out when connected

First of all, experts calculate the cost of laying pipes. This takes into account the required length of the future water supply system, the nature of the soil and obstacles on the way. It is necessary to purchase pipes of the appropriate diameter, various valves and a water meter.

Council If the water supply system runs quite far, then it is better to pull it together with the neighbors in a club. This will save you a lot of money.

For plumbing, pipes made of plastic or polyethylene are used, which in cold areas must be covered with waterproofing in case of freezing. The diameter of these pipes directly depends on the length of the water supply and on the amount of water consumed.

The dug trench should be deeper than the freezing level so that the pipes do not freeze even in cold winter. The piping must be in a straight line. If there is a descent, this is good, the water pressure will always be sufficient, and if the pipes go up, you will have to additionally install pumps. The bottom of the trench must be flat to avoid deformation of the pipes. To do this, it is specially covered with sand, resulting in a so-called sand pillow.

Comply with all technical regulations

After a few tens of centimeters from the branch of the central water supply, a valve is installed. In the same part, you need to install a well from concrete rings, from a cinder block or from special plastic structures. If the water supply system stretches for several houses, then a well with a valve will have to be installed on each branch.

From above, the wells are not buried, but closed with hatch covers. This is done so that the valve has access, for example, in an emergency. The well necessarily captures the section of the main water pipe and the valve.

Connection can only be carried out by employees of the water utility. They cut off the flow of water in the central line, cut into the pipe, then put a valve and connect a new branch that goes directly to the house. Then the line is opened again and the valve is pushed back. From this moment, the flow of water into the house begins.

Advice. According to the recommendations of many owners of country houses on the site, in any case, there should be its own well. This is very convenient - the water will be stable in the house even in case of interruptions in the central water supply. Therefore, if the site contains good quality groundwater, you should take care of its arrangement. Providing a home with a constant supply of water is a very real and doable task.

In any case, before connecting your house or suburban area to the central water supply, you need to weigh the pros and cons, calculate the financial side and time costs.

In a private house with water supply from its own well, well or from a central water supply system, some of the pipes are always laid outside - underground or through the air. More often - underground, but any pipes must be insulated, since winters on the territory of the Russian Federation always pass with negative temperatures, and the water in the pipes should not freeze for a minute. Therefore, the problem of how to insulate a water pipe on the street always remains relevant, and everyone solves it in their own way. But there are many common points, the implementation of which will help to properly operate the water supply system in extreme conditions. And the main requirement for insulation materials that will be used to insulate pipes is low water absorption and high heat resistance.

In the ground, pipes made of metal or plastic come into contact with water and ground at the same time. The temperature of these materials will always be different, therefore condensation forms on the surface of the pipes. Due to the extreme operating conditions of pipes, they must be made of a material that is able to withstand mechanical stress (soil pressure, impacts during installation of the system), have a long service life, and resist the formation of mold and corrosion.

Types of heaters and methods of insulation of a private water supply

The most common and demanded insulation materials for the plumbing system:

1. Glass wool, basalt, stone, mineral wool:
   • Glass wool is sold in rolls. It has a soft structure, thanks to which it is easy to insulate pipelines and pipe sections with a complex configuration: valves, gate valves, turns, branches. Glass wool is used to insulate metal-plastic pipes; it is recommended to use roofing material or fiberglass together with glass wool. Basalt wool is produced in cylindrical rolls - "shells", which are ready-made tapes 1 meter long. Cylinders can be easily cut into pieces of the required length; Some grades of basalt wool are made of coated aluminum. Such a coating protects the insulation from damage, extending its service life.
2. Styrofoam, expanded polystyrene:
   • Expanded polystyrene is also produced in "shell". Popular for its easy assembly and ready-made shells that match the shapes of standard fittings for plumbing with bends. Styrofoam shaped blanks can be used many times. Due to its high flammability, the insulation material cannot be used in pipeline sections with high fire risks;
3. Liquid insulation:
   • Finely dispersed material, produced in the form of an aerosol, tightly covers the surfaces of pipes of any complexity, fits the pipes with multiple homogeneous layers of high strength, perfectly protects the surface of the water supply system from heat losses.

   For the maximum effect of insulation, when buying materials, it is necessary to study all their properties and characteristics and tie them to the region and operating conditions of the water supply system.

   Insulation requirements

   The functional purpose of heaters is to protect the water supply system from negative temperatures, and for optimal results, the heater must meet the declared characteristics, such as:

   1. Low thermal conductivity;
   2. Water-repellent characteristics of the material - to ensure the tightness of the layer;
   3. Antifungal and antiseptic properties;
   4. Immunity to aggressive environment, the influence of which can manifest itself locally on stray sections of the pipeline;
   5. Fire resistance;
   6. Long service life.
   
   

   Glass wool, mineral wool and expanded polystyrene

   To insulate a pipe passing through the air, mineral wool or glass wool in rolls is used, which simplifies their installation and allows you to carry out insulation yourself. The workability of these soft materials makes it possible to insulate the most difficult sections of the pipeline much more efficiently than when working with other insulation materials. Mineral wool can be tightly overlaid on any gauge valve or gate valve, angle or tee of pipe distribution, complex horizontal or vertical rotation.
   

   When buying mineral wool based on basalt fiber, you should immediately attend to the presence of special cylinders - "shells" - of certain sizes for warming shaped parts. The length of such cylinders can be adjusted using a locksmith cutter or knife. They are still called "shells" in construction circles. The "shell" is often covered with aluminum foil or thin galvanized iron to protect the insulation layer from mechanical damage and improve heat retention around the pipe. Pipes for cold water are most often insulated with expanded polystyrene, since the flammability of the material does not allow it to be used without restrictions in hot water insulation.
   

   When working with mineral wool, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment - glasses, rubber gloves and a respirator, since cotton wool is made of small glass, basalt or other hard mineral fibers, which will fly apart during work and can damage the skin, eyes, or get into the lungs person.

   Installation of insulation cylinders

   It is easy to mount the "shell" insulation - the required diameter of the "shell" is selected according to the diameter of the water pipe. Since the shell "consists of two halves, it remains to bury the section of the pipe on both sides, leaving 10-15 cm of open shell" in order to overlap it with the next cylinder. To improve the properties of the thermal insulation of the cylinders, a protective polyethylene film, metal or aluminum foil, roofing felt or membrane insulation is applied to the shell. Any modern insulation material contains air bubbles, which retain heat in the space between the pipes and the insulation.
   

   Heating of underground water supply

   A water pipe running under the ground or under the floor is also, in most cases, insulated with glass wool, which is wrapped around the pipe and fixed to it with wire or synthetic cord. If glass wool is used for insulation in the ground, the layer of insulation should be protected with a layer of waterproofing so that the glass wool does not begin to compact and collapse under the pressure of the soil.

   Also, underground water pipes can be heated using a heating cable. Although the method is costly at a time, it works seasonally, so the savings are obvious.
   

   It is possible to turn on the heating cable only when the outside temperature drops to negative values. This method is also good in that it is possible not only to insulate a pipe with water passing under the floor, but also not to bury the pipes in the ground as deeply as required by construction standards - a ditch 0.5 m deep is enough. The cable for heating the water pipe is laid as inside the pipe and outside - the effect will be equally positive. The only difference is in the fastening - outside the cable can be fixed independently, and inside the pipe it is better to entrust the cable laying to specialists.

   Outside, the heating cable can be laid and fixed longitudinally or in a spiral. There are special calculations, thanks to which the distance between the turns of the wire and the total number of turns are calculated.
   

   The complexity of this method of heating pipes also lies in the fact that temperature sensors must be installed near the cable to control the temperature. But, despite the difficulties, this type of insulation is considered by experts not only the most effective and high-quality, but also the most reliable.

   Having studied all the available insulation methods and materials for the implementation of these methods, you can choose the most suitable water supply for your operating conditions. When using a cable for heating pipes with insulation, you can literally set the optimal temperature around the pipes within 24 hours, even in the most severe cold. The disadvantage of this solution is the need to connect to the mains, so this option should not be the only one - it must be duplicated by other methods of insulation, for example, by boning pipes with glass wool.
   

   How to lay and connect the heating wire:

   1. If the pipes are already laid in the ground, they must be dug out and the trench widened;
   2. Wind the cable onto the pipe - in a spiral or longitudinal laying;
   3. Lay glass wool or other soft insulation on the wire, secure it with clamps or wire;
   4. Connect the cable to voltage;
   5. Fill up the trench.

   In this way, a multi-layer protection is equipped: electric heating wire, glass wool, soil protection.

If a main water pipe runs near your house, then the issue of providing water disappears by itself. You do not have to dig a well, punch a well and engage in other complex work, you just need to join the water supply network. Connecting a private house to a central water supply has a number of nuances that you should definitely know about, and we will consider them in this review.

The main advantages of connecting to the water supply

Consider how the use of centralized supply differs from individual water supply and what are the main advantages of the option under consideration:

How to organize work

All activities aimed at connecting a house to a centralized water supply can be divided into two stages: the registration of all the necessary documents and permits and the installation itself. It is worth noting that the first stage usually takes much more time, so be prepared to hike through the chain of command.

Paperwork

This process includes a number of actions that must be performed in a specific order.

The sequence is as follows:

• The first thing that you must have on hand is a site plan, on which all engineering structures and laid communications should be marked. The project can be obtained from the cadastral authority, sometimes they are issued directly from the water utility, of course, for a fee.

• With the project and documents confirming the ownership of the land plot, you must contact the water utility. There you should write an application for connecting to a centralized water supply system, all documents are accepted for consideration. The deadline for issuing an opinion is 1 month from the date of submission.
• Within a month, you will be given technical conditions, in which all the necessary parameters must be spelled out: the place of connection to communications, the diameter of the pipe, etc.
• With all the documents, you must contact the SES department, where an application is written for the issuance of an opinion on the possibility of connecting to the water supply.
• It is also necessary to contact any licensed organization for the development of design estimates. That is, you will be given a separate project for connecting water, it is important that it is drawn up in accordance with the requirements, otherwise the water utility may reject the documentation.
• After agreement with the water utility, the project is registered at the SES department.
• Next, you should contact the utilities and agree on the excavation work. They will check if there is any danger of damage to other systems, and if everything is fine, then you will be given permission.

• With a permission on hand, you can conclude an agreement with the organization that produces the work. The company must have the appropriate permission, since only a licensed organization can carry out the laying of pipelines, tapping into the central highway and connecting the water supply.

Advice! Usually, the water utility has a list of organizations that have the right to carry out such activities, so it is better to familiarize yourself with it in advance and choose a specific organization.

• Self-tapping qualifies as illegal connection to the water supply of a private house, and entails rather large fines, therefore, it is strictly forbidden to do the work yourself.
• After tapping into the system, laying the pipe and connecting it to the internal communications, you can call the representatives of the water utility. They must draw up an act of putting the devices into operation, from this moment the work can be considered completely finished.
• Finally, a water supply contract is concluded, according to which payment for the water used will be made.

Important! In order to save money, you can do unlicensed work on your own, these include digging trenches, laying gravel cushions and backfilling trenches.

Installation work

If you have a diagram for connecting a water supply system in a private house, you can start organizing work.

As noted above, the work is carried out by a licensed organization, the procedure for laying communications is as follows:

• Even before connecting the water supply to a private house, it is necessary to decide what type of pipe will be used. The ideal option is HDPE products, they are not subject to oxidation and corrosion, do not emit any harmful substances into the water and can be used for drinking water pipes. In addition, such, which greatly simplifies the gasket, while their weight is several times less than that of metal.

• First of all, a trench is dug, while its depth should be below the level of freezing of the soil... Usually, a depth of about 1.4-1.6 meters is required, in the northern regions and in areas with difficult terrain and slopes, the trenches should be even deeper. The price of work varies widely and may differ significantly depending on the region.
• If it is impossible to lay the pipeline at the required depth for some reason, then it is necessary to protect it from freezing by laying a heating cable or putting a special insulation on the pipes. The second option is more common due to the simplicity and low cost of heat-insulating elements.

• You should stock up on everything you need in advance - pipes, fittings, taps and other fittings.... Many installation organizations take care of the purchase of everything you need and include the cost of all elements in the general bill, in this case you need to control the cost of products according to the estimate so as not to overpay for materials.
• The bottom of the trench must be leveled and covered with crushed stone or gravel... This is necessary so that the pipes are subjected to less deformation effects during operation.
• Connection can be made in different ways, the specific option is chosen by the organization that carries out the installation. Most often, a special clamping sleeve is used, with the help of which it is very easy to make a tapping, moreover, this operation does not take much time.

• At the entrance to the house, either a special inspection well is made, or the pipe is placed under the foundation and taken out in the boiler room or any other room. Pay special attention to how the input is insulated, since, according to statistics, it is this part of the structure that is most susceptible to freezing in winter.
• If the pressure in the water supply line is insufficient, then it is recommended to additionally include a special pressure pump in the system. It is better to choose products from trusted manufacturers, while it is important whether there is an instruction in Russian - this will greatly simplify the work.

Output

To connect to the centralized water supply, you will have to spend a lot of time coordinating the necessary documentation, after which the certified organization will lay and connect the pipes.

The video in this article will tell you some important details regarding this topic.

Violation in the modes of functioning of the life support systems of the population is called an emergency. In winter, most often there is a rupture of pipelines with hot and cold water due to its freezing in certain areas. This happens due to a violation of the pipe insulation technology or the destruction of the insulation. To prevent this from happening in your home, you need to know how and how to insulate a water pipe on the street, using the latest developments in this area.

The main heat-insulating material at the dawn of the arrangement of engineering networks in settlements is earth. Additional insulation of pipes was used only with open laying. Subsequently, it turned out that such insulation does not live up to expectations. When the ground gets wet, its specific thermal conductivity coefficient changes more than 5 times, from 0.2 to 1.1 units.

The depth of soil freezing

In addition, laying pipelines in the ground without insulation has a number of disadvantages:

• it is necessary to carry out a large amount of work to prepare a trench with a depth of 20-30 cm more than the depth of soil freezing;
• the presence of moisture and active elements in the ground accelerate corrosion processes in pipes;
• a large layer of earth exerts increased pressure on the pipe walls, causing its deformation and destruction during long-term operation.

When laying pipes underground, in order to increase the level of thermal insulation, it is necessary to carry out layer-by-layer compaction of the laid soil. In some cases, laying pipes at great depths is simply not possible or economically impractical. He hopes that a lot of snow will fall on time, and that frosts will not exceed the climatic norm in the presence of insulation materials, the height of carelessness. It is necessary to carry out thermal insulation in order to increase the service life of pipelines and reduce energy consumption.

Necessary for high-quality insulation

The following materials are used to insulate water pipes on the street:

• glass wool;
• basalt heaters;
• thermal insulation made of expanded polystyrene;
• pipes made of foamed synthetic rubber.

Each of them has its own pros and cons, both when arranging insulation and during operation.

We use glass wool

Glass wool insulation was very popular, but the emergence of new insulation is gradually pushing it out of the market. Its ease of use and low price cannot outweigh its disadvantages:

• low ecological purity;
• insufficient physical density.

When laying, maximum protection of the skin and respiratory organs from contact with the material is required. A protective cover is required to prevent the reduction of the insulation layer under the weight of the earth. It will also be required when insulating a pipe laid in an open way in order to prevent the destruction of the insulation under the influence of water and wind, as well as to ensure the necessary safety of people.

Before insulating the pipe on the street (if the pipe is made of metal), it is necessary to paint it.

When laying in a trench, the pipe is wrapped in material, preliminary securing it with clamps. Then they are wrapped with a layer of waterproofing, securing it with coils of knitting wire, clamps. Roofing felt, roofing felt, metallized foil, fiberglass are used for this.

Provide protection of insulation from compression by:

• laying it in a large diameter pipe that is weakly corroded;
• covering with U-shaped or semicircular elements made of asbestos cement or concrete.

To separate thermal insulation from soil water, it is recommended to provide for the arrangement of a waterproofing layer of sand and gravel.

What should be the optimal insulation

The desire to reduce the cost of housing being built required to insulate the pipeline with materials that have:

• low coefficient of specific thermal conductivity;
• long service life in adverse conditions;
• zero water absorption;
• the possibility of repeated use;
• low requirements for the qualifications of the installer.

We use basalt fiber

The material is made from natural basalt stone, has a high level of fire, environmental and biological safety. There is a large amount of air between the fibers, which provides insulation.

Basalt fiber heaters for pipes on the street are produced in the form of half-cylinders and cylinders. The former are used when carrying out work on existing water pipelines, while the latter are used on newly erected sections. To improve resistance to external influences, the products are covered with a thin layer of aluminum foil. For a reliable tight connection of adjacent pieces of insulation, a locking device is technologically provided.

In addition, he:

• has a fairly high density,
• resistant to ultraviolet radiation;
• operated for a long time;
• provides for reuse;
• easy to install.

The high degree of water absorption, which is reduced by impregnating the material with hydrophobic compounds, negatively affects the quality of thermal insulation. After drying, the quality of insulation is restored. It is recommended to use it when insulating an outdoor water supply system on the street using waterproofing.

We use expanded polystyrene

Foamed and extruded polystyrene foam is considered an almost ideal insulation for metal-plastic and plastic pipes. The material made of expanded polystyrene contains a large amount of gas in its volume in closed volumes. Possesses a high degree of fire hazard, low chemical and biological activity. Environmentally friendly.

Available in semi-cylinders for ease of installation by non-professional installers. He possesses:

• low thermal conductivity;
• almost zero water absorption;
• high mechanical strength in compression and bending;
• a service life of 50 years;
• the possibility of repeated use.

The main disadvantage is low resistance to direct sunlight. Recommended for use with hidden pipe laying in the soil layer. No additional waterproofing is required. Fastening is done with construction tape, clamps, wire. The grooves are filled with polyurethane foam followed by painting.

Insulation b is one of the most convenient options for protecting pipes.

We trust synthetic rubber

Thermal insulation of pipes using foamed synthetic rubber is the most effective method of heat conservation in engineering networks. It does not decompose over time, after stretching it restores its shape, does not require additional fixation during installation.

The thermal insulator is a flexible gray or black hose with a longitudinal cut and an adhesive applied to it. Production in the form of hollow half-cylinders with additional aluminum protection has been established.

It has a number of undeniable advantages. The coefficient of specific thermal conductivity, which decreases at low temperatures, increases the heat-saving capacity. Low water absorption and zero vapor permeability protects pipes from corrosion. Long service life, ease of installation, repeated use, high mechanical density, resistance to tearing and sunlight distinguish the insulation for rubber pipes from a number of similar ones. The water column, insulated with synthetic rubber, will not freeze in the most severe frost.

Its use does not require additional measures before insulating a water pipe on the street. It is enough to remove the protective film from the adhesive layer, wrap the pipe with insulation, press down the edges for gluing for a short time.

Subject to the installation technology, knowledge of the operating conditions of heaters will make it possible to make the right choice of material for the water supply system, which provides a warming effect for a long time.

Reliable water supply is the key to a comfortable stay!

For another alternative way of insulation, see the video: